故宫导游词1~2个景点（推荐20篇）

青岛海滨风景区位于青岛市区南部沿海一线，东西长约25公里，南北宽约3公里。陆地包括青岛山、信号山、观象山、太平山、八关山、小鱼山及南侧区域。海域则有团岛湾、青岛湾、汇泉湾、太平湾、浮山湾等海域及所含岛、礁、海滩等。主要风景游览区有八大关景区、八大峡景区、太平山景区和太平角景区。主要风景点有栈桥、鲁迅公园、小青岛、小鱼山、百花苑、汇泉广场、五四广场、音乐广场、燕儿岛公园、第一、二、三、六海水浴场及海滨观光大道――东海路、香港路等。

青岛海滨风景区位于青岛市区南部沿海一线，东西长约25公里，南北宽约3公里。陆地包括青岛山、信号山、观象山、太平山、八关山、小鱼山及南侧区域。海域则有团岛湾、青岛湾、汇泉湾、太平湾、浮山湾等海域及所含岛、礁、海滩等。主要风景游览区有八大关景区、八大峡景区、太平山景区和太平角景区。主要风景点有栈桥、鲁迅公园、小青岛、小鱼山、百花苑、汇泉广场、五四广场、音乐广场、燕儿岛公园、第一、二、三、六海水浴场及海滨观光大道――东海路、香港路等。

从20世纪初开始，青岛由一处军事重镇、商埠逐步发展成为城市，并以其优美的自然环境、适宜的气候成为当时国内最早的避暑胜地。二、三十年代，国内一大批学者、文化界人士云集青岛，使得青岛成为当时中国的文化重镇。同时，国内的达官显贵及外国商人也进入青岛，活跃了青岛的工业、商业和建筑业。不同国籍、不同地域的文化在这里产生碰撞和融汇，为青岛初期的城市建设构筑了特定的理念：半个多世纪中，“碧海、蓝天、绿树、红瓦、黄墙”及依山就势、鳞次栉比的优美建筑成为青岛独占鳌头的风光特色，青岛海滨因此也成为享誉海内外的著名旅游胜地。青岛海滨风景区

改革开放以来，青岛市突破原有的思维模式，向着现代化国际城市的目标奋进，市区向东、西两个方向拓展，市区东部建成成片的高楼大厦。与之相匹配，新建的道路也不再狭窄蜿蜒，大手笔的景点建设更富有现代特色。城市的发展建设不但完整地保留了海滨原有的风光特点，使现代化景点与自然景点相得益彰，而且对原来的风景区、风景点进一步美化和亮化。现在，青岛海滨风景区每年接待1000余万人次的国内外游客。

随着国内外旅游事业的发展，风景区逐步完善了与旅游相关的配套服务，被国家旅游局评定为国家4A级旅游区。青岛海滨风景区正以一流的资源、一流的管理、一流的服务迎接来自各方的客人。

海滨风景区旅游资源十分丰富，有天然岬角、海滨、沙滩、礁岩等自然景观，又有栈桥回澜阁、小青岛灯塔、八大关建筑群等省、市级文物保护单位。同时景区内还有品种繁多的古树名木，珍稀植物等。风景区管理处和有关文物保护单位，在对景区自然资源、人文景观合理开发、利用的同时，采取了诸多行之有效的保护措施，对名建筑进行了防火、防雷、防盗等工作，对景区内的古树名木，逐株进行登记建档，立牌标明，专项保护。—

青岛海滨风景区西起团岛，东至大麦岛，全长25公里，海域面积5平方公里，陆地面积8。5平方公里，是国务院1982年首批公布的国家级风景名胜区。风景区内的栈桥、鲁迅公园、小青岛、小鱼山、八大关、汇泉广场、百花苑（青岛文化名人雕塑园）、五四广场、八大峡公园等景点均为青岛市著名的旅游风景点。

小鱼山公园

位于莱阳路东端海拔60米的小鱼山上，占地2。5公顷，1983年建成，是青岛第一座古黄风格的山青岛海滨风景区头园林公园。

公园内有18米高、三层六角、飞檐斗拱的览潮阁，游人绕阁环顾，可领略到市区一派“红瓦、绿树、碧海、蓝天”的景色。园内还有挑檐式古典风格建筑的碧波亭；山东侧有拥翠亭，亭侧有曲廊与览潮阁相连，廊下壁上有“八仙过海”、“崂山道士”等大幅瓷板彩釉壁画。

百花园文化名人雕塑园

雕塑园背依青岛山，面向中山公园小西湖，占地8。25公顷，园内有已故青岛籍或客居青岛的成就卓著的文化名人雕塑20座，还有“红透金秋”、“岁寒三友”、“报春”等10个景点。四周环境山清水秀，芳草遍地，是人文景观和自然景观交相辉映的园林精品。

五四广场

为纪念五四运动而命名。青岛新景观之一，位于新市府前与前海湾之间，该广场由市政厅广场、中心广场、海滨公园三部分组成，是东部开发建设的点睛之笔。广场以草坪、绿荫广场、缓坡草地为特色，乔、灌木和花卉设计造型别致新颖。市政广场简洁大方，中心广场宁静典雅，海滨公园自然宽阔，海、天、浪、鸥景色迷人。三个广场有机结合，气势恢宏，既富有青岛特色，又充满现代广场的气息。

中山公园

中山公园坐落于风景秀丽的汇泉湾畔，占地80万平方米，山水天成，是青岛最大的文化公园。园内有樱花道、芍药园、牡丹园、桂花园及各种名贵植物观赏区，花开时节，清香飘逸。此园1901年始建，1929年为纪念孙中山先生改名中山公园。园中每年举行樱花会、蝴蝶会、夏季灯会、秋季菊花会及各种花卉展览等。

景区美食

青岛的饮食同其他地方没有太大区别，只是海产品相对多一些，青岛有名的海味有：冻菜凉粉、蛤蜊（青岛人叫“嘎拉”）、扇贝、八带、海螺、海肠、鱿鱼、比管（一种体型很小的鱿鱼）、海蛎子、螃蟹（梭蟹）、鲅鱼、偏口鱼、黄花鱼、鲈鱼……，真是太多太多了，其中最受青岛人喜欢的还是蛤蜊，青岛产的青岛海滨风景区

蛤蜊味道最为鲜美，辣炒蛤蜊是大小酒店、居家餐桌的必备之菜，一到夏天，全城的大街小巷尽是“哈（喝）啤酒，吃嘎拉（蛤蜊）”的人。

梁山，原名良山，由四主峰七支脉组成，最高处海拔一百九十七点七米。主峰为虎头峰，四面均为绝壁，山势险峻，当年周围环水，确实是一处易守难攻的地方。汉中元六年(公元前一四四年)汉景帝次子梁王刘武到良山围猎，不幸染病，死后葬于山上，良山遂改名为梁山。东汉时，汉和帝在位的元兴年间(公元前一○五年)，黄河溃决，梁山以南被淹达数十年之久，这时梁山附近开始有水。到五代后晋开运元年(公元九四四年)六月，黄河再次大决口，梁山周围一片汪洋。以后，黄河屡次决口，使梁山四周的水久久不退，形成大泽，也就有了水泊梁山”的称谓。

梁山脚下一片空旷的广场，东边矗立着大文学家施耐庵的石雕像，梁山人民对这位大文学家有着特殊的感情，在他的笔下，水泊梁山是一幅风俗画卷。

走过广场，沿石阶上行，走百余米，半山腰辟出一块大空地，南面是几十米高的立仞石壁，上有著名书法家舒同写的水泊梁山”，每个字大如方斗，染成红色，格外醒目。在这面石壁上还有历代文人墨客的题诗题词。

广场东边是一处人造景观，是仿当年的水寨建成的。出水寨穿空地，登上陡石阶，不远便是梁山山道上的第一景：断金亭。这是一个八角亭，亭顶起脊飞檐，古朴大方。这里是豹子头林冲杀掉王伦，接纳晁盖等人入伙的地方。断金亭也叫同心亭”，是取《易经》二人同心，其力断金”之意。顺着山路往上走，就是宋江马道”。

宋江马道”是柏树林中一人一马并行的小路。穿过宋江马道”来到了黑风口，此处因李逵大闹黑风口故事而扬名。山坡上有黑旋风李逵的石雕像，怒目圆睁，双手挥着两柄大板斧，威风凛凛。附近立一座石碑，上面是书法家沙孟海题写的黑风口”三个字。有趣的是李逵的石雕像前不远有一块巨石，上面有一个脚印，又大又深，上刻一行字孙二娘歇脚处”，表明梁山既有武林好汉，亦有巾帼英雄。

离开黑风口，往上约二十米，就是宋江寨墙。寨墙是用石块垒起来的，有半米多高。《水浒》载，这道寨墙当时有丈余高，现在看到的只是残墙。当年是宋江大寨围墙，分内墙和外墙，为起义农民筑建。原高丈余宽七尺，北侧有两重拧头门，易守难攻，固若金汤。几经战火，现已塌落为残垣。那么，这寨墙到底是不是宋江时建的呢?已无从考证。有史书记载：宋江起义于河北，被称为河北剧贼”，早在宣和元年(公元一一一九年)十二月已引起宋王朝的注意，曾下诏招降。宋江未受招安，继续进行斗争，出没于青、济、濮、郓等州，又被称京东贼”。宋史记载官军数万，无敢抗者”。宋江起义军在水泊梁山扎寨，也就是指这个时期，宋江义军在京东地区啸聚亡命，剽掠山东，一路州县大震，吏多避匿。”说明宋江义军有较大发展。后来宋江南下经沂州时遭官军袭击，损失较大。宣和三年宋江又结集力量再次移军南下，进入淮南，又被官军称为淮南盗”。二月间到海州附近遇知州张叔夜的伏兵，损失惨重。据《宋史·张叔夜传》记载，宋江也是在这时向朝廷投降的。宣和四年，朝廷重臣折可存参与镇压方腊起义后，班师回朝，到开封后奉御笔，捕草寇宋江”。宋江终于被秋后算账”遭灭顶之灾。从这段史实看，宋江征剿方腊属《水浒》的文学描写。

第一道宋江寨墙往上不远，是第二道宋江寨墙。上山的路也陡峭了许多。在隐隐的树丛中能看到一幢古建筑物的屋顶，那就是水浒寨了。

水浒寨坐落在虎头峰上，坐北朝南，气势壮观雄伟。大门前有一个石头砌成的平台，约有八十多平方米。平台四周是石栏，凭石栏往下看是峭壁，山势险峻。如果峭壁下是水的话，虎头峰便成了汪洋中的岛，想上来绝非易事。

水浒寨的门前有一对石狮子。门楼的门匾是美术家、雕塑家刘开渠先生题的水浒寨”三个大字。门两边还有楹联，也是刘开渠先生的手笔。推开大门，迎面看到的是气势雄伟的忠义堂。忠义堂”三个字是由美术大师刘海粟先生题写的，金碧辉煌。

忠义堂的两边是东西偏殿，三十六天罡的彩雕设置于内，这些彩雕比真人要大一些，神态各异，栩栩如生，个个都是风风火火的好汉。

院子当中竖着三根旗杆，当中的一根挂着杏黄旗，上绣替天行道”四个大字。东边的旗杆上挂着红旗，上写山东呼保义”;西边的旗杆上也挂着红旗，上书河北玉麒麟”。立于虎头峰上，耳边仿佛又响起了古战场上的铁马嘶鸣，鼓角震天。那些叱咤风云的梁山好汉们在中国农民起义的历史上写下了不朽的篇章，令人敬仰。

河南老君山位于河南省洛阳市栾川县城东3公里处，是秦岭余脉八百里伏牛山的主峰，海拔2200米，原名景室山。后因西周朝“守藏室史”李耳到此归隐修炼，并被道教尊为太上老君而被唐太宗易名为“老君山”，沿袭至今。

山顶太清观始建于北魏，历代重修，唐代尉迟敬德曾监工重修，明朝最为鼎盛，铁椽、铁瓦、金碧辉煌，千百年来，一直是豫、陕、皖、鄂等地众香客朝拜的中原道教圣地。近年来，东南沿海香客也慕名前来，仅中国台湾高雄九龙八风进香团每批朝山者就达百人之众。

老君山不仅是中原道教圣地，而且也是北国山水精华荟萃处。老君山地处南亚热带与北温带的过渡带上，气候适宜，冷暖相宜，动植物资源极为丰富，有各类动物180余种，植物1861种，被业内专家称为：天然动植物种质资源基因库。因此1982年被河南省人民政府批准建立省级自然保护区，1994年被河南省人民政府批准建为“省级风景名胜区”，1997年和河南省其它5家省级自然保护区统一晋升为国家级自然保护区。仅20xx年开发以来，老君山生态旅游区管理区先后筹集资金5500余万元，先后开发了以品味道教文化和领略伏牛主峰为主题的道教文化区和以欣赏飞瀑流泉为主题的生态观光区两大区域，景点150余处，其中自然景观主要有：舍身崖、南天门、马鬃岭、石林、朝阳洞、仙人桥、君山天瀑、老龙窝、悟道石、亮宝台、玉皇顶等，主要人文景观有：十方院、灵官殿、淋醋殿、菩萨殿、道德府、炼丹炉等，当代著名作家李准观后赞叹“秀压五岳、奇观三山;黄山奇峰七十二、君山奇景知多少”。

老君山景区现有农家宾馆25家，床位800张，并有二星级宾馆老君山大酒店与景区配套，可接约130人住宿，宾馆餐厅雅间15个，大厅一个,可同时容纳300人就餐。

老君山交通便利，可进入性强，距洛阳机场148公里，紧邻洛栾快速通道，景区内铺设三级水泥公路13.5公里，人行步道34公里。老君山景区配套设施完善，可以满足游客的吃、住、行、游、购、娱各种要求，购物广场，不仅有全县共有的香菇、木耳、核桃、玉米糁等地方特产，而且还有根据《史记》中司马迁对老子的记述的老子骑牛像，以及依据河南鹿邑老子故里、河南栾川老君山、河南灵宝函谷关和陕西周至楼观台以及北京白云观等专家人士的指点，历经两载耀世而出的“太上老君”金像。

20xx年4月25日，老君山一日游环线建成，正式对外接待游客，20xx年接待游客20万人次，已成为中原地区集山水景观与道教文化为一体的标志性景区。

大雁塔は平和門外4キロの慈恩寺にあり、唐代の永章三年と伝えられています。インドに経を取りに行った玄奘法師。奏はインドから持ち帰った経書を保管するために、寺の中に塔を建ててください。この塔は初めて経塔と呼ばれた。後世には大雁塔と呼ばれ、この塔は高くそびえていて、人々の称賛を集めています。

この千三百年以上の歴史を持つ大雁塔は古城の西安の独特な風格を持つ標識となっています。大雁塔は初めて建てられた時は5階しかなく、高さ60メートルで、西域仏塔の形をまねて建てられました。その後何度も修理して、今まで塔の高さは64メートルで、全部で7階で、底辺はそれぞれ25メートルです。大雁塔は中国の楼閣式レンガ塔の優秀な典型です。タワーは青レンガで積み上げられています。各階の四面に券を持ってアーチを作っています。このような楼閣式レンガの形は簡潔で、気勢は雄大で、著しい民族特色と時代風格があります。雁塔の前に「大」の字を冠したのは、後の人が済福寺の小雁塔と区別するためです。

タワーの中には木の階段があります。旋回して塔に登ることができます。欄干にもたれて遠くを眺めることができます。大雁塔の底の南門の両側に、二つの石碑をはめ込んで、一つの「大唐三蔵聖教序」は、唐太宗が貞観二十二年(648)に、玄奘によって訳された諸経の総序です。もう一つの「大唐三蔵聖教序論」は唐高宗が「聖教序」のために作った紀文で、この二碑は唐代の書道、絵画、彫刻芸術を研究する重要な文化財です。特に塔の西石門の上の線は殿堂図を彫って、更に唐代の建築の貴重な資料を研究します。

小雁塔

小雁塔は西安市友誼路南側の紹介福寺の中で、大雁塔と東西に向かい合って、唐代の古都長安に今なお残る二つの重要なシンボルになります。規模が大雁塔より小さいので、建造時間が遅いので、雁塔と呼ばれています。

紹介福寺はもともと唐長安城開化坊内に建てられました。唐太宗の女性襄城姫の旧家です。叡宗文明元年(684年)皇室外戚が高宗のために福を勧めて寺を建てました。天授元年(690年)に推福寺に改められました。唐長安城の中の有名な寺院です。唐代の名僧直義は福寺の翻訳を紹介しています。全部で56冊訳して、『大唐西域求法高僧伝』という本を書いています。

現在の寺に保存されている小雁塔は、軒式の正方形の煉瓦建築で、最初は15階で、高さは約46メートルで、塔の体は各層の渋さが出てきて、南北には一つの門が開けられます。塔の体は下から下まで層ごとに減らして内収して、もっと上へ行くのが速くて、秀麗で精巧で、風格を備えています。門構えは青石徹成である。塔の内部は空筒式の構造で、木造の階を設けて、はしごがぐるぐる回って上に上がります。明清の二世代は何度も地震があって、塔の体の中で裂けて、塔の頂は壊れて、13階だけ残します。今寺の中でまた1口の重さの万数キログラムの金代明昌の3年(1192年)の鋳造する臣の大きい鉄の時計を保存して、鐘の音はとても明るくて、関中八景の1つの“雁塔の朝の鐘”ですと誉められます。

朋友们，欢迎您来九天洞参观游览。九天洞因有九个天窗与洞顶地面相通而得名。1987年由溶洞探险勇士王海然发现，1988年正式对游人开放，被列为省级风景名胜区，同年，经国际溶洞组织专家考察论证，认为九天洞规模庞大，景观独特，还有一批溶洞群没有开发，适合开展探险考察，因此正式接纳九天洞为国际溶洞探险基地，九天洞从此进入国际溶洞世界，身价倍增。经考察，发现洞内有古树化石和其它溶洞极少见的岩溶物质，不仅是难得的自然景观，而且有极高的科研价值。目前已经探明可供游览的面积有250公顷，号称“亚洲第一大洞”。洞分上、中、下三层，下层距洞口400多米，常年温度20-22摄氏度。洞内有5级螺旋式观景台，30多个大厅，有3条落差较大的阴河，12处瀑布，还有自生桥，千丘田等景观，钟乳石形态各异，千姿百态。

(迎客厅)我们所在的这个大厅，面积约有2500平方米，由天池、正厅、内厅组成，大厅平均高约30多米，正中距洞顶约100米。这边有一个60平方米的椭圆形水池，洞顶常年有水滴入池中，叮当有韵。请大家顺着我手指的方向看，厅中央有一根二、三米高的石柱，呈墨绿色，乍看如一棵松树，斑斑驳驳，正面望去却像一个穿兰紫色衣服的半身人像，头带纱巾，好像是颔首欢迎各位大驾光临。

(莲花厅)这里叫莲花厅。大家抬头往上看，洞顶部悬吊着一个淡红色的钟乳石，像一朵含苞待放的大莲花，花蕊中不断滴下晶莹的水珠，即便几个月不下雨，也从不间断;厅左有根高2米左右的钟乳石像慈眉善眼的观音菩萨，身后有几十10米左右石笋护卫;厅东南半圆形的池子有半掩半露、内红外黄的几枚溶石，缕缕血丝，清晰可辨，据科学分析，是溶石中含有铜元素所致。

(九天宝殿)这个大厅位于九天洞上层。大厅的东面有一根形似古代编钟的大钟乳石，高约30米，围径5-6米，它的周围长满晶莹透亮的乳白色小石柱，敲之嗡嗡作响。谁有兴趣的话，不妨用手轻轻敲打一下这根石柱，它发出的声音像不像古代编钟?不过千万不要用石头重击，这可是需要千万年才能形成的历史“文物”啊!大家再往这边瞧，大厅右边距这编钟乐柱不远的地方，有几根巨大的石柱一字排开，其中一根高40多米，围径32米的叫擎天柱，是洞内已发现的最大石柱。它后面的那根也有30多米高，棱角分明，直指洞顶，称为神童金鞭。大厅西南上方有一个垂直的天窗，一缕天光从洞顶泻下，极似舞台上从头射下的追光灯，人们都叫它天窗宝光。如果你运气好，在天然追光灯下照张翩翩起舞的像，那绝对是值得炫耀一辈子的艺术照。

(九天龙宫)这个大厅面积约700平方米，里面长满了五彩缤纷的石幔帷帐，给人以豪华富丽之感，故叫龙宫。大厅北端有9根不到一米的石柱，像文臣武将一样护卫着另一尊卓然而立的石像。龙宫左边石柱上，由于含硫的矿石岩浆每年渗渍形成9道鳞纹，盘绕四周，柱顶由碳酸钙溶液凝聚成龙头状，被称为九龙蟠柱。西南有两根长短不一的石柱，像巨人的中食指，擎举起洞顶巨大的青石板，称二指擎天，是洞内绝无仅有的景观。

(天界人间)请大家注意，这条人工修凿的石径，长达180多米，因为地势极其险要，故又叫华山一条道。环顾四周，景象万千，数不清的石笋，石幔，形成如天子山一样的地下峰林奇观，让人惊叹不已。此时此刻，大家是不是有站在九天云层，俯瞰人间大千世界的感觉呢?

(地下森林)大家看，前方那一大片钟乳石柱，有大有小，有粗有细，有的如丛丛灌木，有的如参天大树，疏密相间，参差不一，有人大胆设想，说那就是一片原始森林!不过，这是地下森林，比陆地上史前世纪遗下来的植物活化石珙桐、水杉、银杏还要古老数万年。

上世纪八十年代初，一批外国溶洞探险专家对这片地下生态“植被”予以高度评价：如此分布合理，造型奇特，令人震撼的“地下森林”，世界溶洞绝无仅有。

(百宝湖)这是岩溶形成的一个地下湖，东西长65米，南北宽24米，深1-4米。湖水清澈见底，两边的钟乳石倒映湖中，千姿百态。湖畔石壁旁那两根3人合抱、高20多米的石柱，外圆内空，轻轻敲打，锵然有声，如要请古琴演奏家精心调制一番，就可以举行湖上音乐会了。环湖两岸，有一丛丛的“银菇”和石花，如同天然盆景。百宝湖中还有一种叫“吸毛水球”的东西，为国内外溶洞所罕见。

(九天银河)朋友们，呈现在我们面前的景观，像不像一道瀑布?其实它是碳酸盐岩溶石浆形成的一道宽40米，高10米，银白色石瀑。雨季，洞口水滴不断，泻珠溅玉;旱季则银光耀目，令人晕眩，所以叫九天银河。

(天界古战场)这是一个面积约3500平方米的缓坡大厅，厅里有数百尊钟乳石，高高低低，横七竖八，如同西安出土的秦始皇兵马俑。诸位：看到这一派挥戈击剑，搏斗拼杀的战争场面，你是不是听到了那剑戟碰撞声和士兵们的呐喊声?

(玉宫)这个800多平方米的大厅，珍藏了数千计的石笋、石柱，因为这些钟乳石通体玲珑剔透，形态各异，传说是龙女、龙妃游乐的地方，故称为玉宫。你看这根钟乳石高30多米，直径只有15厘米，像一个身着盛装的白雪公主，纤纤玉体，婀娜多姿。

(水晶宫)这是九天洞里的又一处绝景，洞里遍布含有磷矿的方解石，在光照下莹光闪烁，耀人眼目。许多石笋、石竹、石幔、石花都呈雪白色，我们称它为“比萨斜塔”。塔下有池塘，水平如镜，中间墨绿色的石荷叶和绽开的石荷花交相映衬，让人想起“莲叶水上碧，荷花镜里香”的诗句来。

(玄女宫)这是洞里最大的一块千丘田，面积有5000多平方米，叫九天玄宫。你看，在这根30多米高的玉石帷幔后面，九天玄女头戴凤冠，怀抱婴儿，仪态端庄，慈眉善眼环顾众生。背后是一片银白色石幔，中间有一根非常纤细的石柱高约10米，一手可握，叫镇洞玉针。玄女下面靠左，在一对半椭圆形的石盆里装着粉红色的钟乳卵石，是供奉给玄女的仙桃寿果。石盆前面有石瀑，像悬挂着的梳妆镜，为玄女沐浴梳妆的地方。玄女宫融山、水、井、泉、石、瀑为一体，被中科院溶洞室主任张寿越教授誉为“滴石铸玄女，暗河镂九天”的天然画廊。

(秦皇宫)这里是一个地下水池，中间有一方直径10米左右的石台，矗立一座40多米高的钟乳石，它像一个老寿星，泰然自若端坐在那里，旁边簇拥着大小不一的钟乳石，像一群馋嘴的猴子，望着老寿星。对面石幔帷帐下，根根金线悬吊着的大小酒葫芦，令这些石猴垂涎欲滴，让人感到滑稽可笑。

朋友们，置身于这美仑美奂的地下迷宫里，大家可能要问：这溶洞景观是怎样形成的呢?

据专家们研究，溶洞的形成是水的化学作用和机械作用，石灰岩层理、节理和断层发育，便于水的浸入。在漫长的地质年代里，当含有二氧化碳气体的水(碳酸)浸入碳岩进行溶解后，碳酸钙随水流失而流下空洞。经若干万年的不断溶解逐渐扩大成洞穴。石灰岩层理平缓，节理众多，把岩石裂成网状。因此，沿层面产生的溶洞大而平;沿节理产生的溶洞纵横交错，巷道曲折。洞内众多的石笋、石柱、石钟乳，是由于重碳酸钙的地下水自洞顶裂缝渗出时，二氧化碳溢出，水分蒸发，重碳酸钙沉淀下来，附着石缝处而逐渐形成的。开始在洞顶出现一个小突起，以后加大逐渐向下延伸，久而久之形成了钟状或乳状的石钟乳，未能在洞顶沉淀成石钟乳而落于地面的重碳酸钙液就在地面沉淀积累，逐渐向上形成石笋。当石钟乳与对应位置的石笋相接时就变成了首尾相连的石柱。石钟乳或石笋内若存有空洞，或石灰岩被地下溶蚀成巧合的空洞时，就成为敲之有声，弹之成音的石鼓或石琴(如我们在洞里看到的“编钟”)。被地下水淹没的溶洞便了洞里的地下河。

fellow friends:

hello! toured the dali old city, initially has feltthis humanities landscape profoundness; now we watch the cangshanerhai, understands the dalis america of scenery.

first, we ride the yacht to go to the erhai park. the erhai park othername group mountain park, is l ocated the hsiakuan city northeast 2kilometers place groups mountains. north it near ocean waves wan qingerhai, west and cangshan southend setting sun peak relative. whennanzhao country, here is kings deer park. in 1976 here newly wardedoff for the park, occupiesdi 1,600 chinese acres. on the mountain has thezoo and the plant nursery flower-bed, broadly plants the dali areaeach kind of precious flower different plant, is very good rests placeof the tour.

now the pleasure boat to the erhai park near the sea causeway, we cameashore to the ship, this is under the group foot of a hill binhai tourarea along 270 multistage stone steps ascendslevel on, we arrive the summit.everybody looked that, this curls upwardsangle upturned eave pavilion is looks thesea building, the eave hangs from above the plaque, submits a writtenstatement: jade er silver dark green ", the black bottom goldcharacter, vigorous is classically elegant, it is the chinese inadmiration of somebodys fame painter wu zuorens writing skill. looksthe sea building is understands "the jade er silver dark green"happiest extent, leans against a railing looks out into the distance:east side erhai vast, boundless, west cangshan is continuous,luxuriant is gray.

fellow friends, let us go on board once more, roams through to erhaiin. but i first must to everybody introduction be actually amcangshan. formerly, we in the dali city, under on the dark green footof a hill road, have not been able to look at carefully the cangshangrand appearance well. just like the ancient said "does not know thetruth about the matter, only reason body in this mountain"; looks thesea building in the erhai park, the angle of view inclines, also onlycan see the cangshan terminal. now, unceasingly leads the way alongwith the pleasure boat, in our eye cangshan is not clearer? somepeople said that, a hengduan pulse condition great arm, the tibetplateau extended west yunnan from "the roof of the world" to thesouth, cangshan was in this world famous sierra a cloud range branch.

cangshan, also names the diancang, is green because of its mountaincolor, the mountain apex acquires fame in vain. cangshan altogetherhas 19 peaks. this 19 peaks from the north to the south order are: thecloud makes, green, five, the lotus flower, the white clouds, thecrane cloud, three positive, the blue peak, the snowman, should behappy, the goddess of mercy, center and, longquan, the jade bureau,malone, the saint should, buddha go against, ma er, the setting sun.in 19 peaks, the malone peak is highest, elevation 4,122 meters. thecangshan 19 peaks, two peaks clamp a brook, altogether 18 brooks; eastthe mountain stream flows, pours into erhai, 18 brooks from north tosouth, the base arrangement is: south the rosy cloud moves, wan hua,the positive brook, the awn wells up, the brocade brook, the spiritspring, the white stone, the double mandarin duck, hides the immortal,mei xi, the peach brook, center the brook, the emerald, longxi, clearblue, remnant, pavilion mouth, is not positive.

the cangshan scenery by the snow, the cloud, springstone is famous. i firstintroduce cangshan to everybody the snow. after the summer needlesscangshan snow, is dali "the love affair" four given names scenery. thesnow white cangshan snow, all previous dynasties article literatiapproves the refined language quite a lot, the folklore also many. thethe ming dynasty writer li yuanyang once praised: "date li cangshansnow, precioustai 19 peaks".

cangshans cloud is the famous biography is far and wide. the cloudgathers the cloud to disperse, sometimes the pale like light smoke,sometimes is thick like splashes ink. in fluctuates varied center, what is most mysterious is "looks the husband cloud" and "thejade belt cloud". so-called "looks the husband cloud" is referswhenever the winter spring the season, the cangshan jade bureau peakregular meeting appears a lonely cloud, suddenly remembers suddenlyfalls, about flutters, if hoped if attends to. unusual occupying to anits appearance, the diancang then suddenly gets up the storm, blows toerhai. so-called "jade belt cloud", is refers whenever at the end ofthe summer fallinitially, after rainfirst clear, between the cangshan 19 peakshalfways up the mountainside often can appear white clouds, the cloudsgatherscollects, slowly pulls open, if the pure white jade belt horizontallyties the green mountainside. is continuous dozens of miles,unexpectedly the date does not dissipate. marvelous is, "the jade beltcloud" meets the omen agriculture abundant harvest: it appears thenumber of times to be many, same year on good crop weather. local painationality has the farmers proverb: "cangshan is the jade belt, thehungry dog eats the rice".

cangshans spring very is also famous. in 19 peaks the elevation hasmany mountains moraine lake in 3,800 meter above peak, this is thequaternary period glacier stays behind. also has that 18 brooks themountain stream, flies the waterfall to fold the spring, the fourseasons rushes down, in under clear sweet water seepage nourishing,cangshan fills the vitality. the moraine lakeside, the densely coveredvirgin forest and many precious forests, the strange flowers andplants, specially should tell everybody are, cangshans flowers andplants already fine reputation far broadcasts, moreover it also causescangshan to be famous far and wide. american professor luo lancasteronce said that, "has 1000000 in us to know the chinese yunnan the dalicangshan, because they all plant have many beautiful dali cangshan theindian azalea."

cangshans stone, renowned at home and abroad. guo moruo has "chantsmarble" the poem: "three towers are high ancient, along thinksloyalview year. the cangshan rhyme love affair, the wonderful stone spitsthe mist. outside the heart, coolly lives elbowarmpit. the day meritmanpower generation, the overseas compete the treasure biography."

cangshan has bred the marble, the marble is cangshans soul. this kindof magnificent wonderful stone, world many places all have, the alonedalis most wonderful america, also opens the people early, therefore,world every this wonderful stone is called "the marble", "dali" alsoraises the world because of shi erming.

fellow friends, our pleasure boat vanguard, now should introduce thisocean waves wan qing to everybody erhai itself.

erhai, ancient name kunming pond, er river, ye yu ze and so on;because it resembles the person ear, therefore erhai. its north andsouth long 42 kilometers, the thing extends 3-9 kilometer, the lakewaterfront long 117 kilometers, the area more than 250 squarekilometers; the hydraulic mean depth 10.5 meters, the deepest 21.5meters, the water-holding capacity 2.88 billion cubic meters, the areaand the water-holding capacity arrange in order the yunnan lakesecond, occupies seventh in the national fresh water lake.

south erhai has makes up the river and so on to pour into, westnatriumthe cangshan 18 mountain streams, east collect the polo river, dig thecolor river, the south side west er river are the only estuaries,after ripples red circles into lanchan river. erhai is the tectoniclake, the lake shore thing are many cliffwall, north southwest three arethe sandbars.

everybody looked, erhai water depth limpid, if the non- flaw beautifuljade, is beautiful incomparably, it is welcome each position by thebroad mind to come from the distant place guest. erhai is the chinafamous high land moor, as early as it has carried the annals in thehan dynasty.

"er sea month" is dali one of four given names scenery. if goes boatingerhai in the lunar calendar ten in may bright nights, its monthespecially bright, especially circle, its scenery elated: in thewater, the month circle like wheel, floats the light to swing thegold; the sky, the jade mirror high hangs, the clear splendor isshining, the bath leaves from erhai. looks that, looks, the water andsky shines, you unexpectedly cannot distinguish clearly are the daymonth fall the sea, or seamonth ascends to heaven. is er seamonth so whybright? the scientific conclusion is: first, erhai water qualityspecially pure, the transparency is quite high, its reflection greatlystrengthened; second, erhai sea level dust less, air fresh, causes thewater and sky to serve as contrast, the moonlight is brighter. inaddition, er seamonth is famous, but also lies in the pure white non-flaw the cangshan snow to produce an inverted image in erhai, seamonthenhances one anothers beauty with as pure as driven snow er, aconstitution silver dark green jade ers big marvelous sight.

with the cangshan snow, the er seamonth connected dali four given namesscenery also have guan hua, the hsiakuan wind. between erhai andcangshans dam, is a long shape silting alluviation plain. whennanzhao country, nearby two respectively builds a xiaocheng in thisstrip north and south, holds the important location, defends the kingsall safety. north name long shouguan, also called closes; southernregion name dragons tail pass, at once hsiakuan. on so-called closesthe flower, is refers closes "ten mile fragrant wonderful tree", thisflower originally shapings the street and shan sinei in on pass, itsflowered big like lotus, the year opens several hundred, the fragranceoverflows the four directions, the flower opens the season, the viewlike cloud. also therefore the tree ties the husk to be firm, may dofaces the bead, therefore the flower called "faces the pearl headornament". afterwards, this flower vanished. the first years, somepeople had it is said found it in the cangshan forest. west thehsiakuan wind refers to the er river valley to inject hsiakuan thewind, continues all year long, you takedong as is spring abundant, youas soon as enter hsiakuan to be allowed to feel the hsiakuan wind theexistence. it roars nearly every day, sweeps the street to put on thelane, holds up the bottom of garment uncovers the hat, caused hsiakuanobtained "the wind city" the nickname.

dalis love affair four given names scenery, has poem its string inthe same place, is advantageous for remembered, also quite has theappeal: the hsiakuan wind, on closes the flower, the hsiakuan windblows closes the flower; cangshan snow, er seamonth, er seamonth accordingto cangshan snow. speaks of here, asks each position to look our painationality girls embroider flowered baotou. you might not despise it,it have manifested the dali four given names scenery. please lookedthat, the breeze blows, nearby the ear snow white ear with the windfloatingly sprinkled, has appeared hsiakuans wind; in baotou gorgeousflowers, has represented the flower which on closes; the peak this is white silkhead, looked by far likes cangshan the snow; the entirebaotous shape same bright is moving on like erhais in crescent moon.

鲁迅博物馆位于北京市阜成门内西二条，是建国后最旱建立的“人物传记性文学博物馆”。该馆的前身为原西三条的北京鲁迅故居，1954年在故居旁兴建博物馆，于1956年10月19日鲁迅逝世20周年纪念日落成开放。1994年扩建后的新展厅是四合院式的仿古建筑，与故居相邻。该馆占地1.3万平方米。

鲁迅(1881一1936)，渐江绍兴人，中国现代文学家、思想家、革命家。故居内为“鲁迅故居旧景陈列”，这是一座精巧的小四合院，南北房各三间，东西房各一间，一直保持着当年先生居住时的模样，南房是会客室，北屋东西两房间分别为鲁迅的母亲和朱安夫人的住室，中间一间为餐厅，北屋当中一间向北凸出一小间，面积仅8平方米，是先生的卧室兼书房，即著名的“老虎尾巴”，先生自称“绿林书屋”，陈设十分简朴。东厢房辟为展室，举办“鲁迅在北京西三条21号”展览。 该馆在1993年被西城区人民政府命名为青少年“两史一情”(中国近代史、中国革命史和国情)教育基地。

迪庆藏族自治州位于云南省西北部，西北边与西藏自治区为邻，全州面积23870平方公里，包括中甸、维西、德钦三个县，居住有藏、傈僳、汉、白、彝、回、普米、功、怒等民族。

迪庆藏族自治州处于国家级三江并流风景名胜区的腹心地带，三江占两江，雪山占七成，形成三江并流风景区的主体。

迪庆州府中甸县距昆明640多公里。迪庆州是云南省的制高点，境内有许多高耸入云的大山，著名的有云南第一峰卡格博峰，海拔6740米，为藏传佛教的朝觐圣地，位居藏区八大神山之首。其余高峰有环立于卡格博峰周围的太子十三峰，太子雪山海拔5396米，白茫雪山海拔5137米，其余海拔在4500米以上的高峰还有10多座。

在雪山环绕之间，颁着许多大大小小的草甸和坝了，这是迪庆各族人民生息繁衍的地方。这里土地肥沃，水草丰美，牛羊骏马成群，特别是中甸县的小大中甸，真有“天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”的风光。五月的中甸草原，碧绿的草地和山坡上的杜鹃花、格桑花和数不尽的各种小花争相怒放，姹紫嫣红，争奇斗妍，宛如一块块色彩斑斓的大地毯，骏马奔驰，牛羊滚滚，雄鹰翱翔，牧人在白云在蓝天下唱起牧歌，挥动长鞭，这就是人间仙境的生活，一幅活生生的美丽图画。

来自朋友们：你们好!

欢迎你们来到我的家乡，年轻的直辖市——重庆。“君住江之头，我住江之尾。抬头思君不见君，共饮一江水。”今天迎来了你们来自朋友，我是大家的朋友——。很高兴担任这次三峡移民考察和大足石刻之旅，带领大家去感受重庆直辖五年的沧桑巨变，领略大足石刻的博大精深。1997年3月14日，是个春暖花开的日子，重庆成为了中国第四个直辖市。此次重庆“直辖”，三峡工程是“催化剂”，百万移民是直接动因。艰巨的历史任务，重庆人欣然接受，勇敢地挑起了“直辖”重任。

三峡工程，移民百万，什么概念?数量太大，相当于5个摩纳哥，10个图瓦卢，100个凡蒂冈;时间太短，三期移民，20xx年全部结束;困难太多，库区有2座城市，11座县城，116个集镇及一大批工厂企业，风景名胜等需要搬迁。

世界难题，难在哪里?难在经费?不，经费可以筹集。难在交通?不，交通可以组织。难在家园?不，家园可以重建……千难万难，最根本是难在人的观念。大宁河畔84岁的黄老太的态度是：“我生是宁河的人，死是宁河的鬼，一生一世不离开这里!”移民干部多次踏访，老人神情木然，不予理睬。事实上，一面故土难舍，乃是人之本性，是一种十分自然的现象。“金窝银窝离不开自己的草窝”，这一千古流传的俗语，是前人总结的。从古至今，上至皇帝重臣，下至寻常百姓，概莫能外。博学多才的李白可谓潇洒大气，但仍发出“床前明月光，低头思故乡”的感叹，文韬武略的曹呸可谓位尊，但同样“郁郁多悲思，绵绵思故乡。”中国台湾诗人余光中的一首《乡愁》，引起了千万游子的共鸣。重庆的移民，可是喝着长江水，唱着三峡歌成长的。突然要远离故土，能不眷恋吗?思乡是一种美德。有个不思乡的人，能爱家?能爱国吗?

党和国家深深理解移民们的故乡情结，专门成立移民开发局，抽调精兵强将，颁布一系列优惠政策，把“搬得出，稳得住，逐步能致富“作为认为目标。三峡移民，为你，党和国家领导不知来了多少回!全国专家、学者不知来了多少回!这意义移民们能百分之百地理解;这份量，移民们能够完完全全地掂量。

“舍小家，顾大家，舍自家，顾国家“，移民们想通了，移得情愿，移得开心，移得满意。如今，走进三峡库区，移民新城灿若星河，田野、果园瓜果飘香，乡镇企业，个体商业星罗棋布。谁能说这不是重庆直辖市五年的最大变化呢?

石窟寺位于河南省巩义市东北的河洛镇寺湾村，坐落在黄河南岸、伊洛河北岸、邙岭之下的大力山。石窟寺建于北魏熙平二年(520_年)，原名希玄寺，宋代改称十方净土寺，清代改名石窟寺，是中原地区重要的佛教石窟。

石窟寺距今已有1400多年的历史，现存洞窟5个，千佛龛一个，小佛龛255个，摩崖大佛3尊，佛像7743个，碑刻题记200余块。其中的《帝后礼佛图》是我国现存的唯一石刻图雕(另一处位于龙门石窟的已不存在)，具有极高的研究和欣赏价值。

石窟寺是继洛阳龙门石窟之后开凿的，它把佛教艺术的外来影响同中原汉族艺术相结合，摆脱了北魏早期深目高鼻，秀骨清瘦的特点，代之以面貌方圆，神态安详，多呈静态造像风格。因此，这里的雕刻既保留着北魏浓重的艺术特点，又孕育着北齐、隋代的雕刻艺术萌芽，形成由北朝向唐朝过渡的一种艺术风格，在雕刻艺术史上占有重要地位。

Yangjiang City is located in the southwest coast of Guangdong Province. Itgoverns Yangchun City, Yangdong County, Yangxi County, Jiangcheng district andhailing Economic Development Experimental Zone. The coastline (Island) is 390.8km long, with a total area of 7813.4 square kilometers and a population of 2.4million. It enjoys preferential policies granted by the state, such as coastalopen areas, pilot economic development zones, industrial satellite towns,mountainous areas and small amount of trade with Chinese Taiwan. It is one of thecoastal open cities in Guangdong Province.

Yangjiang City is rich in marine industrial resources. There are six famousfishing ports in China, such as Zhapo, Dongping, Shaba, Xitou, Hebei and theother side. The fishing ground is vast and the beach is gentle. It is suitablefor deep-sea fishing and mariculture, and rich in high-quality and valuablefresh aquatic products. Yangjiangs mineral resources mainly include iron ore,copper ore, pyrite, quartz sand, tin ore, gold ore, rare earth ore, etc. Thereare abundant forest and hydropower resources for comprehensive utilization. Theindustry has formed ten pillar industries, including automobile, rare earth,electromechanical, building materials, metallurgy, food, hardware, textile,clothing and forest industry. Yangjiang knife, Yangjiang Douchi, Yangjianglacquerware and leather plastic, clothing, packaging, stainless steel utensilsand other famous, excellent and special products are also very popular.

Yangjiangs scenery also has its own characteristics, such as the beautifuland peculiar Moyang mountain and sea scenery, lingxiaoyan, kongtongyan,longguanyan and sandongtian, which are known as the first scenic spot in SouthChina, shachao of Mawei Island natural beach, which is also known as EastHawaii, and Hebei tourist resort, etc. Since the reform and opening up, theinvestment environment of Yangjiang has been gradually improved. Yangjiang portand Xingneng diesel power plant have been built. The second phase expansionproject of Mojiang water plant with daily water supply of 200000 tons has beencompleted. The Yangchun section of Sanmao railway has been put into operation.The reconstruction of national highway 325 has been completed. The station porthighway, access to Island Highway, access to port highway, Jianshan bridge andshouchang bridge have been completed and opened to traffic, connecting withSanmao railway The railway from Yangchun railway station to Yangjiang port isunder construction. The third nuclear calling station in Guangdong has beenlocated in Yangjiang and has entered the stage of feasibility study.

The citys urban and rural telephone exchange capacity has reached 223000,and mobile phones and wireless paging have been fully opened. Yangjiang port, aclass I port approved by the State Council to open to foreign nationality shipsin February 1993, was officially opened to the outside world in July 1996. Theinfrastructure was further improved, creating a broader and solid social andeconomic foundation for investors to come to our city for extensive economic andtechnological cooperation. In order to make our citys industrial andagricultural productivity leap to a new level through the use of foreign capitaland the introduction of technology and equipment, the municipal government hasformulated a series of preferential measures to further simplify procedures andprocedures and improve service quality and efficiency. At the same time, themunicipal government has set up a special administrative service center toprovide "one-stop" services for domestic and foreign investors. Over the pastfew years, with the improvement of the investment environment, the utilizationof foreign capital in Yangjiang City has doubled, foreign economic andtechnological trade, cooperation and exchange have made gratifying achievements,and a new economic situation of all-round opening has initially formed.

过了漫水桥，我们现在来到了老潭沟，大家请看，这里山雄水秀，峰高瀑急，青山四合，有如仙阁，可见大自然的鬼斧神工是多么的巧妙。朋友们，一路欢歌，一路美景，不知不觉中，我们已经到了老潭沟的尽头，俗话说“游云台，赞云台，不到天瀑不算来，这就是著名的云台天瀑了，云台天瀑落差达314米，宽约五到七米，是目前亚洲发现的落差最大的瀑布。天瀑之高，雄冠九洲，站在它的近旁，可以领略到“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”的恢弘气势。她盛水时期气壮山河，淡水之时仪态万千。大家请看，瀑布上端朵朵白云，又好像团团棉花絮，悠悠飘落、连绵不绝;下端宛如飞花溅玉，溅起一米多高的水花，又化成一团水雾，把瀑布笼罩在蒙蒙的雾中，它既表现了力量、又体现了柔美，让人感觉充满活力、精神振奋!

出了老谭沟不远，有石桥横架河谷，这就是小寨沟了，这里三步一泉，五步一瀑，十步一潭，呈现出千变万化的飞瀑、流泉、彩潭、奇石等景观，风光怡人，宛若秀丽江南，故得雅号“潭瀑川”。

过了金龙卧波，欣赏完造型奇特的Y字瀑布后，再往前行，我们就来到了清漪池，红石映碧水，使清漪池呈现出一种青纯气质，这里的水浅而清澈，清苔把一潭水映得碧绿无尘。俗话说:水至清则无鱼，但在这清池中却有小鱼生长，为了适应水清的环境，鱼身逐渐变得透明，几乎和水一样，很难被人发现了。

好了朋友们，由于时间关系，云台山的讲解暂时先告一段落，下面留给大家半小时的时间自由活动，半小时后在原地集合，小张将继续带大家参观云台山的下一个景点——茱萸峰。

大家好，我叫张一鸣，今天很高兴能当上大家的导游。我们现在准备去的地方是北京颐和园。

游客朋友们，颐和园到了，请大家随身带好自己的贵重物品，有次序地下车。现在我们来到的是有名的长廊。长廊很长，共有七百多米，一眼望不到头，分成273间。在每一间的横榄上都有着美丽的画，有的画着风景、有的画着花草树木、还有的画着人物。在这条长廊里，有着绿漆的柱子和红漆的栏杆，一根根柱子看上去非常整齐，像一个个训练有素的哨兵。长廊的两旁都栽满了花草树木，这一种花还没枯萎，那一种花又开了，使长廊里常年洋溢着花的香味。

游客朋友们，我们已经游完了长廊，接下来我们准备去的是万寿山。请大家小心梯级，有孩子的家长们请照看好自己的孩子。现在，请旅客朋友们往上方看，在我们的眼前，出现了一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物，这个就是佛香阁。在佛香阁的下面，还有一排排宫殿，就是排云殿。游客朋友们，我们已经登上了万寿山的山顶。现在，请大家往山底下望，颐和园美丽的景色大半都收在眼前，有葱郁的树丛，美丽的宫殿……。正前面，昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。

游客朋友们，我们现在来到的是昆明湖，请大家不要随地吐痰、扔垃圾，要保护好这里的美好环境。昆明湖围着长长的堤岸，堤岸上栽着多得数不清的垂柳。在昆明湖上，有几座式样不同的石桥，游人可以走过石桥，到小岛上玩。这一座石桥一共有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥，在桥栏杆上有许多根石柱，每根石柱上都雕刻市面上姿态不一的石狮子，这么多石狮子，没哪两只是相同的，美极了。

游客朋友们，今天我们的颐和园一日游就到此结束了，希望你们有机会再来细细游赏，再见!

大家好!首先，我代表__行社欢迎您参加本次旅游活动。希望通过我的讲解陪伴您这次美好时光。

人云："不到晋祠，枉到太原。"又有人说："初到太原的人，不去参观晋祠，犹如外国友人到北京未去游览紫禁城那样遗憾。"所以到了太原一定要去晋祠看看。晋祠位于山西太原市西南悬瓮山麓，是集中国古代祭祀建筑、园林、雕塑、壁画、碑刻艺术为一体的唯一而珍贵的历史文化遗产，也是世界建筑、园林、雕刻艺术中心。

位于太原市区西南25公里处的悬瓮山麓，为古代晋王祠，始建于北魏，是后人为纪念周武王次子姬虞而建。全国重点文物保护单位之一。姬虞封于唐，称唐叔虞。虞子夑继父位，因临晋水，改国号为晋。因此，后人习称晋祠。北魏以后，北齐、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清各代都曾对晋词重修扩建。

晋祠是具几十座古建筑的中国古典园林游览胜地。环境幽雅舒适，风景优美秀丽，素以雄伟的建筑群、高超的塑像艺术闻名于世。游晋祠，可按中、北、南三部分进行。中，即中轴线，从大门入，自水镜台起，经会仙桥、金人台、对越坊、献殿、钟鼓楼、鱼沼飞梁到圣母殿。这是晋祠的主体，建筑结构严谨，具有极高的艺术价值。北部从文昌宫起，有东岳祠、关帝庙、三清祠、唐叔祠、朝阳洞、待风轩、三台阁、读书台和吕祖阁。这一组建筑物大部随地势自然错综排列，以崇搂高阁取胜。南部从胜瀛楼起，有白鹤亭、三圣祠、真趣亭、难老泉亭、水母楼和公输子祠。这一组楼台计峙，泉流潺绕，颇具江南园林风韵。此外最南部还有十方奉圣禅寺，相传原为唐代开国大将尉迟恭的别墅。祠北浮屠院内有舍利生生塔一座，初建于隋开皇年间，宋代重修，清代乾隆年间重建，为七级八角形，高30余米，每层四面有门，饰以琉璃勾栏。登塔远眺，晋祠全景历历在目。

晋祠，初名唐叔虞祠，是为纪念晋国开国诸侯唐叔虞而建。叔虞励精图治，利用晋水，兴修农田水利，大力发展农业，使唐国百姓安居乐业，生活富足，造成日后八百年的风调雨顺，国泰民安，呈现出一派兴旺景象。叔虞死后，后人为纪念他，在其封地之内选择了这片依山傍水，风景秀丽的地方修建了祠堂供奉他，取名"唐叔虞祠".叔虞的儿子燮父继位后，因境内有晋水流淌，故将国号由"唐"改为"晋",这也是山西简称"晋"的由来，祠堂也改名为"晋王祠",简称"晋祠".

晋祠最著名的建筑为圣母殿，创建于宋代天圣年间(公元1023—1032年)。圣母传为姬虞之母邑姜。圣母殿原名"女郎祠",殿堂宽大疏朗，存有宋代精美彩塑侍女像43尊(含后补塑2尊)，这些彩塑中，邑姜居中而座，神态庄严，雍容华贵，凤冠霞披，是一尊宫廷统治者形象。塑像形象逼真，造型生动，情态各异，是研究宋代雕塑艺术和服饰的珍贵资料。鱼沼飞梁，建于宋代，呈十字桥形，如大鹏展翅，位于圣母殿前，形状典雅大方，造型独特，是国内现存古桥梁中仅有的一例。

金人台四尊铁人姿态英武，因铁为五金之属，人称之为"金人台".西南隅的那尊铁人，铸于北宋绍圣四年(公元1097年)，已有八百多年的历史，不但保存完整，而且神态威武，英姿勃勃，气概不凡，销明甲亮，闪闪泛光，颇为独特。据说，一年夏天气候特别炎热，身披铁甲的西南隅的铁人忍受不了这难熬的痛苦。独自走到汾河边，只见汾河滔滔而流，怎么过河呢，铁人犯了愁。正在着急，忽见从上游不远沿岸边驶下一条小船。铁人赶忙上前招呼，要求船家把他渡到对岸。船家沉吟一阵，方才慢腾腾地说："渡你一人，人太少，可再稍候一时，再等等有无旁人。"铁人一焦急，赶忙说道："你能渡过我一个，就算你有能耐啦"船家看了看铁人说："你能有多重，一只船不止装一人，除非你是铁铸的。"话一落音，一语道破了铁人的本相。瞬间，铁人立在汾河边，纹丝不动，怎么这人不说话了?船家抬眼一看，面前立着一位铁人。多眼熟啊，嗬，可不是嘛，是晋词的铁人。船家不敢怠慢，赶忙找了一些乡亲，把铁人抬回金人台。圣母勒令手下将领，把铁人的脚趾上连砍三刀，表示对铁人不服从戒律的惩罚。今日的铁人，脚上还留着连砍三刀的印痕。

唐碑亭，即"贞观宝翰"亭。亭内陈列唐太宗李世民手书碑刻"晋祠之铭并序".全碑1200多宇，书法行草，骨骼雄健，笔力奇逸含蓄，有王羲之的书法神韵，是书法艺术的珍品。圣母殿右侧，是千年古树"卧龙周柏".难老泉，俗称"南海眼",出自断岩层，终年涌水，生生不息，北齐时有人据《诗经鲁颂》中"永锡难老"之句起名"难老泉".周柏、难老泉、侍女像誉称"晋祠三绝".在晋祠难老泉亭上方，有一座水母楼，俗称梳妆楼，别号水晶宫。楼内水母像铜质金装，端坐瓮上，束发未竟，神态自若。据传，水母姓柳，生性贤良，家住晋祠附近的金胜村，嫁到晋祠为媳。不幸的是，她同嫁后横遭婆线虐待，每日到远方去挑水。挑回的水，婆母只要前桶，不要后桶，名为嫌脏，实则存心刁难。一天，柳女挑水归来，在途中一骑马人要借水饮马，柳女欣然应允。等柳女返回重挑时，那人送给柳女一条金丝马鞭，并告她马鞭放在瓮中，只要轻轻向上一提，水即满瓮。柳女回去一试，果然灵验。这个秘密不久就被柳女的小姑子发现，一次她趁获女回娘家不在，从瓮中提起马鞭，顿时，水从瓮中奔涌而出。大水，很快就要淹没附近村庄……，柳女正在娘家梳头，闻讯赶来，毅然坐在瓮上，水势一下变小，人们得救了，水母再也没有离开水瓮献殿、殿身三间，歇山顶、四周无墙，当心间前后辟门，其余各间，在坚厚的槛墙上安叉子，形如一座凉亭，灵巧而豪放。敬神时，燃一炷香，那五谷之气，便会使人置身于云雾漫漫，青烟缭绕的神秘氯围之中，从而使人的心灵不由自主地产生某种微妙的变化，上达于天，天人妙合。

鱼沼飞梁在圣母殿与献殿之间，古人圆者为池，方者为沼，沼中多鱼，故曰："鱼沼";其上立架十字形桥，"架虚为桥，若飞也。"故曰："飞梁".东西桥面宽阔，为通往圣母殿的要道，而南北桥面，下斜如鸟之两翼，翩翩欲飞;边缀勾栏，凭栏赏景，益增诗情画意。建筑学家梁思成先生说："此式石柱桥，在古画中偶见，实物则仅此一孤例，洵为可贵。我们一天的游览就要结束了，服务中的不足之处，希望大家多多包涵，多提意见。俗话说："两山不能相遇，两人总能重逢".希望能有机会再次为大家服务。谢谢!

朋友们，你们好！

现在我们已经到达黄山风景区南边重镇汤口。在这里先向诸位介绍一下黄山风景的概况。

黄山，位于中国安徽省南部，属中国南岭山脉的部分，全山面积约1200平方公里。黄山山系中段，是黄山的精华部分，也就我们要游览的黄山风景区，面积约154平方公里。它在黄山市境内，南邻歙县、徽州区、休宁县和黟县，北连黄山区；这五个县、区也都属于黄山市管辖。

黄山在中国唐代以前叫黟山，黟是黑样子，因为山上岩石多青黑青黑的，古人就给它起这样一名字。传说咱们中华族的先祖轩辕黄帝在完成中原统一在业、开创中华文明之后，来到这里采药炼丹，在温泉里洗澡，因而得道仙。唐朝著名的皇帝明皇李隆基非常相信这个说法，就在天宝六年（747年）下了一道诏书，将黟山改名黄山。意思是，这座山是黄帝的山。从那以后，黄山这个名字就一直到现在。

朋友们，你们不远千，甚至万里到这里，就要亲眼看一看黄山的美吗？不就是要感受一次人生快乐吗？是的，黄山是绝美绝美的，可说天第奇山，能够登临它，亲眼看看它，确实是人生的一大乐事。在很久很久前，在漫长地质历史代，大自然的无穷力，塑造了黄山那绝美的风采和种种奇特的景观，令人倾倒，令人心醉。

黄山的美，首先就美在它的奇峰。这里竞秀，峰峰称奇，各有特色，各具神韵。黄山奇峰到底有多少，还没有一个确切数字。历史上先后命名的有36大峰、36小峰，近年又有10座名峰入选《黄山志》。这80多座山峰的高绝大多数都在海拔千米以上，其中莲花峰最高（1864米），光明顶次之（1841米），天都峰排行老三（1829.5米），这三大峰和风姿独秀始信峰（1683米），是黄山的朋友，哪怕登上这四座奇峰中的一个，也算不虚此行了。

下面，我再把黄山“四绝”分别作介绍。

说起黄山“四绝”，排在第一的当是奇松。黄山松奇在什么地方呢？首先是奇在它无比顽强的生命力，你见了不能不称奇。一般说，凡有土的方就能出草木和庄稼，而黄松则是从坚硬的黄岗岩石里长出来的。黄山到处都生长着松树，它们长峰顶，长悬崖峭壁，长在深壑幽谷，郁郁葱葱，生机勃勃。千百年来，它们就是这样从岩石迸裂出来，根儿深深扎进岩石缝里，不怕贫瘠干旱，不怕风雷雨雪，潇潇洒洒，铁骨铮铮。你能说不奇吗？其次是，黄山松还奇在它那特有的天然造型。从总体来说，黄山松的针叶短粗稠密，叶色浓绿，枝干曲生，树冠扁平，显出一种朴实、稳健、雄浑的气势，而每一处松树，每一株松树，在长相、姿容、气韵上，又各各不同，都有一种奇特的美。人们根据它们的不同的形态和神韵，分别给它们起了贴切的自然而又典雅有趣的名字，如迎客松、黑虎松、卧龙松、龙爪松、探海松、团结松等等。它们是黄山奇松的代表。

怪石，是构成黄山胜景的又一“绝”。在黄山到处都可以看到奇形怪异的岩石，这些怪石的模样儿千差万别，有的像人，有的像物，有的有的反映了某些神话传说和历史故事，都活灵活现，生动有趣。在121处名石中，知名度更高一些的有“飞来石”、“仙人下棋”、“喜鹊登梅”、“猴子观海”、“仙人晒靴”、“蓬莱三岛”、“金鸡叫天门”等。这些怪石有的是庞然大物，有的奇巧玲珑；有的独立成景，有的是几个组合或同奇松巧妙结合成景。还些怪石因为观赏位置和角度变了，模样儿也就有了变化，成了一石二景，如“金鸡叫天门”又叫“五老上天都”，“喜鹊登梅”又叫“仙人指路”就是移步换景的缘故。也还有些怪厂，在不同条件下看，会产生不能的联想，因而也就有了不同的名字，如“猴子观海”又叫“猴子望太平”便是。

再说云海。虽然在中国其它名山也能看到云海，但没有一个能比得上黄山云海那样壮观和变幻无穷。大约就是这个缘故，黄山还有另外一个名字，叫“黄海”。这可不是妄称，是有历史为证的。明朝有位著名的史志学家叫潘之恒，在黄山住了几十年，写了一部60卷的大部头书--黄山山志，书名就叫《黄海》。黄山的一些景区、宾馆和众多景观的命名，都同这个特殊的“海”有关联，有些景观若在云海中观赏，就会显得更加真切，韵味也更足了。这些也都证明，“黄海”这个名字是名副其实的。

最后，介绍一下温泉。我们常讲的和游览的温泉是前山的黄山宾馆温泉，古时候又叫汤泉，从紫石峰涌出。用它命名的温泉景区，是进入黄山南大门后最先到达的景区。温泉水量充足，水温常年保持在42度左右，水质良好，并含有对人体有益的矿物质，有一定的医疗价值，对皮肤病，风湿病和消化系统的疾病，确有一定的疗效。但是只能浴，不能饮；过云说它可以饮用，是不科学的。

其实，黄山温泉不止一处。在黄山北坡叠嶂峰下，还有一个温泉，叫松谷庵，古称锡泉。它与山南的宾馆温泉水平距离7.5公里，标高也近，南北对称，遥相呼应。这也够奇的了。不过因为它地处偏僻目前还未开发利用。

除了“四绝”之外，黄山的瀑布、日出和晚霞，也是十分壮观和奇丽的。

黄山，山高陂陡，溪流从高山峡谷中奔涌出来，从陡谷悬岩上飞落下来同，就形成瀑布。“山中一夜雨，处处挂飞泉”，就是黄山温存的生动写照。黄山瀑布很多，最壮观的有“九龙瀑”、“人字瀑”和“百丈瀑”。

黄山四季分明：春天青峰滴翠，山花烂漫；夏季清凉一片，处处飞瀑；秋天天高气爽，红叶如霞；寒冬则是银装素裹，冰雕玉砌。黄山确实是一个旅游、避暑、赏雪的绝好去处。

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in the middle and upper reaches ofthe Yellow River in Northwest China, between 35 ° 14 - 39 ° 23 n and 104 ° 17- 107 ° 39 E. It is adjacent to Shaanxi Province in the East, Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region in the West and North, and Gansu Province in the south, with atotal area of 66400 square kilometers. The terrain is long and narrow from northto south, high in the South and low in the north. From north to south, there areHelan Mountain, Ningxia plain and Liupan Mountain. Ningxia is 456 km from northto South and 250 km from east to west. Ningxia is located in the transition zonebetween the Loess Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau. In terms ofgeomorphological types, the loess landform eroded by flowing water is dominantin the south, and the arid denudation and wind erosion landform is dominant inthe middle and North. There are relatively high mountains and widely distributedhills, alluvial plain formed by fault subsidence and alluvial of the YellowRiver, platform and sand dunes. The surface morphology is complex and diverse.According to the statistical data in early 20__, hilly area accounts for 38%,plain area 26.8%, mountain area 15.8%, platform 17.6% and desert 1.8%. Theaverage altitude is 1090-20__m. Helan Mountain is the natural barrier of Ningxiaplain. The main peak, Aobao Geda, is 3556 meters above sea level. The YellowRiver passes through 12 cities and counties in the middle and North, with a flowof 397 km.

Ningxia is located in the inland, belongs to temperate continentalsemi-arid climate. It straddles the East Monsoon Region and the northwest aridregion, and the southwest is close to the Qinghai Tibet alpine region, which isroughly located in the intersection and transition zone of the three naturalregions in China. The annual average temperature is 5 ℃～ 9 ℃, and thetemperature difference between day and night is large. The annual precipitationis generally 200-600 mm. With 3000 hours of sunshine and 170 days of frost freeperiod, it is one of the areas with the most abundant sunshine and solarradiation in China.

Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. The latePaleolithic human activity site and unearthed cultural relics in Shuidonggou,Lingwu County, Ningxia Province show that human beings have been living andreproducing here as early as 30000 years ago.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, theworld-famous Great Wall began to be built in the territory. After the firstemperor of Qin unified China, he sent troops to settle down in Ningxia and beganthe history of diverting water from the Yellow River for irrigation. By the HanDynasty (206-220 BC), the farming economy here had been quite prosperous. In the14th year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (755), the "an Shi rebellion" brokeout. Prince Li Heng entered Ningxia and became emperor in Lingwu. At that time,Ningxia had become one of the important channels of East-West transportation andtrade in China. In the first year of Baoyuan (1038) of Northern Song Dynasty, LiYuanhao, the leader of Dangxiang nationality, established Daxia state withNingxia as the center, which was called Xixia in history, and its capital wasXingqing prefecture (now Yinchuan City). After Mongolia exterminated Xixia,Ningxia Fu Road was set up in the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287). NingxiaWei was set up in Ming Dynasty. Ningxia government was set up in Qing Dynasty.In the early years of the Republic of China, Ningxia government was changed toshuofangdao, and Ningxia Province was established in 1929. After the founding ofthe peoples Republic of China in 1949, Ningxia Province was abolished in 1954.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established on October 25, 1958.

Ningxia is rich in mineral resources with prominent advantages inagriculture, energy and tourism. There are 1.288 million hectares of cultivatedland in the region. Among them, more than 333000 hectares are irrigated. Thereare more than 660000 hectares of wasteland suitable for agriculture to bedeveloped, including 133000 hectares of wasteland for aquaculture, 56000hectares of wastewater and 3 million hectares of grassland. More than 50 kindsof mineral resources have been discovered, and the per capita potential value ofnatural resources is 163.5% of the national average value, ranking fifth in thecountry. In particular, non-metallic mineral resources are rich, mainly coal,gypsum, oil, natural gas and so on. Gypsum reserves rank first in China. Nearlyone third of the land in the region is rich in coal resources, with provenreserves of more than 30 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country. The provenreserves of Lingwu coalfield alone reach more than 27 billion tons, equivalentto the total proven reserves in Northeast China. Among the top ten coal types inChina, there are nine in Ningxia. Taixi Coal, the world famous high qualityanthracite, has an annual export volume of 1 million tons. The Shaanxi GansuNingxia basin natural gas field across Ningxia has proved reserves of more than200 billion cubic meters. It is a world-class large gas field.

The autonomous region has five prefecture level cities of Yinchuan,Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan and Zhongwei, six municipal districts of Xingqing,Jinfeng, Xixia, Dawukou, Huinong and Yuanzhou, two county-level cities of Lingwuand Qingtongxia, 11 counties of Yongning, Helan, Pingluo, Tongxin, Yanchi,Zhongning, Haiyuan, Jingyuan, Xiji, Longde and Pengyang, and HongsibaoDevelopment Zone (county-level immigration Development Zone), with Yinchuan asits capital.

Ningxia has 35 ethnic groups, including Hui and Han, with a totalpopulation of 6.0373 million at the end of 20__, including 3.7742 million Hanand 2.0649 million Hui. Ningxia is the largest Hui inhabited area in China. Huipeople believe in Islam.

The Hui nationality in China was formed in the Yuan Dynasty. The origin ofthe Hui nationality can be traced back to the middle of the seventh century,when Arab and Persian merchants came to China to do business and stay. In theYuan Dynasty, a large number of Central Asian, Persian and Arab came to China.Due to intermarriage and socio-economic relations, they formed Hui nationalityin the process of long-term relationship with Han, Uygur, Mongolian and othernationalities. As early as the Song Dynasty, there were Persians who believed inIslam and settled down in Ningxia. In the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of ArabMuslims from Central Asia, together with the Mongols, moved to Ningxia tocultivate and defend the frontier. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginningof Ming Dynasty, the Hui nationality gradually formed, and Ningxia Huinationality entered a relatively stable development period.

Hui peoples living in Ningxia can be traced back to the end of TangDynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia period, most of the Muslims fromthe east came to the Central Plains from Yumen and Jiuquan via Xixia. By theYuan Dynasty, a large number of Arabs, Persians and Central Asians wererecruited or migrated to live in the form of semi military and semi nomadic. Inthe early Ming Dynasty, a large number of Hui people were placed in Lingzhou(now Lingwu City) and Guyuan counties as "attached to Tuda". In addition, theHui people who constantly migrated to Ningxia for development and reclamationformed many Hui settlements. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the QingDynasty, the population of Hui nationality in Ningxia increased dramatically.During the Tongzhi period (1862-1874), the anti Qing uprising of the NorthwestHui people was brutally suppressed, and the volunteers and their families weremoved to remote areas. Some of them migrated to Lingzhou, Huaping (now JingyuanCounty of Ningxia), Longde, Haiyuan and other counties.

As the main ethnic group in Ningxia Hui people believe in Islam. In NingxiaHui inhabited areas, there are more than 3000 mosques with differentarchitectural forms and scales, and about 4000 imams. The Muslim people of Huinationality generally believe in five "lessons", namely: recitation, ceremony,fasting, lesson and pilgrimage. There are three traditional festivals of the Huipeople: Eid al Fitr, guerbang (also known as Eid al AdhA) and Shengji Festival.The autonomous region, cities and counties have established religious socialorganizations at all levels, namely Islamic Associations, to manage their ownreligious life. The autonomous region has set up Ningxia Islamic school inYinchuan city and Tongxin Arabic school in Tongxin County, helping the Muslimpeople to cultivate a large number of talents with religious knowledge. Inaddition to Islam, there are mass beliefs, Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianityand Taoism in Ningxia. The peoples Government of the autonomous region treatsall kinds of religions equally, protects the normal religious activities of themasses, and all kinds of religious people live in harmony for a long time inNingxia.

Ningxia Hui people have formed unique customs in clothing, diet, dailyhygiene, marriage, funeral and so on. Hui men like to wear small white caps andblack waistcoats. Hui women also like to wear headsets, gold and silverearrings, rings and bracelets. Hui people pay special attention to hygiene,clean and tidy indoor and outdoor, clean stove. Usually wash hands and face withsoup bottle, bath with hanging pot.

Hui people like to eat the meat of cattle, sheep, camels and otherruminants, but also eat chicken, duck, goose and fish. They dont eat pork,animal blood and dead livestock. Animals eaten by devout believers must beslaughtered by imams. Hui people generally dont smoke or drink. Men, women andchildren all like to drink "Babao" cup tea with nutritional condiments such asrock sugar, tea, medlar, walnut kernel, sesame, longan, jujube and preservedfruit. During the festive Festival, the Hui people mostly make fried food suchas fragrant oil, Sanzi and Yaguo. When there are distinguished guests, they willbe warmly received by the rich "Quanyang banquet" and various Hui snacks. Inmarriage, monogamy is practiced. The wedding ceremony of Hui nationality is verygrand and has many religious and ethnic characteristics. For example, when awedding is held, the Imam should be asked to read "nikaha", that is, to testifyand congratulate with Arabic scriptures. The funeral of the Hui nationality issimple and easy, with the practice of earth burial and thin burial. The funeralincludes four procedures: cleaning the burial body, wrapping the body with whitecloth, holding religious prayer ceremony under the direction of Imam, andentering the burial.

Mosque, also known as the mosque. Arabic is "mesgid", which means the placeto kowtow. It is not only a place for Islamic believers to worship, but also acenter of culture and education and a center of social activities in someplaces. The establishment of mosques in Ningxia started from Yuan Dynasty, andthe number and scale of mosques have developed considerably in Ming and QingDynasties. Gongbei is the mausoleum of an outstanding figure in a certain regionof Islam. Daotang is a place where religious leaders of a certain branch ofIslam worship, chant scriptures, give lectures and live. Islamic architecture inNingxia reflects the process of combining Islamic culture with Chinesetraditional culture, and has distinctive local cultural characteristics andnational personality.

君岛旅游区位于包头市九原区全巴图乡政府西南约4公里处。在您进入旅游区之前，我要给大家介绍一下昭君与包头的历史渊源。大家知道，早在汉朝的时候，汉朝和匈奴等少数民族进行了多次的和亲，而与我们包头地区有着紧密联系的当数“昭君出塞、胡汉和亲”这段千古佳话。

昭君出塞是一次民族融合的盛大举措，为中原民族同游牧民族的和睦友好，奠定了坚实基础。昭君出塞时携带的大量中原器物、服饰和典籍以及宫女和工匠，使得中原文明更大规模地向北方传播。昭君出塞是在公元前33年。为了进一步巩固和汉朝的友好关系，匈奴呼韩邪单于亲自前往汉朝廷，请求和亲，愿为汉家婿，以结永久之好，汉元帝欣然应允。

王昭君挺身而出，自愿和亲。汉元帝为纪念这次和亲，改元为“竟宁”，意为边境安宁。据考证，汉朝浩浩荡荡的送亲队伍从西安启程后，极有可能是走秦直道经榆林、东胜至包头九原，与呼韩邪单于迎亲的队伍在黄河渡口会合。迎娶礼仪规格之高声势之大实为空前。

这就是历史上著名的“昭君出塞”。考古工作者从麻池古城周边的召湾汉墓中，清理出大量秦汉时期的陶器、铜器、漆器、金银玉器和秦汉货币。最为难得是在一墓穴中发现了“单于和亲”、“单于天降”、“四夷尽服”瓦当。

其直径分别为17厘米和15厘米，圆形篆书，属国家一级文物，现收藏于中国历史博物馆。这些瓦当在麻池古城周边发现，证实了“昭君出塞”与包头地区有着密切的联系，也证实了在五原郡治九原城附近建有按汉制汉俗的“和亲行宫”。王昭君于第二年初夏到达漠北单于庭，受到呼韩邪单于的喜爱和匈奴人民的盛大欢迎，并被封为“宁胡阏氏”。

呼韩邪单于死后，昭君“从胡俗”，嫁给呼韩邪单于的儿子复株累单于，并与之生下二女，母女几代人为民族团结作出了巨大的贡献。昭君出塞后的40余年，这里出现了“牛马布野，人民炽盛”的繁荣景象。饱经战乱之苦后享受了40多年和平生活的汉匈各族人民，深深地爱戴着王昭君。据统计，古往今来，反映王昭君的著名诗歌有700余首，与之有关的小说、民间故事有近40种，写过昭君事迹的著名的文人有500多人，古代有蔡邕、李白、杜甫、白居易、李商隐、王安石、耶律楚材等，近现代的有郭沫若、曹禺、田汉、翦伯赞、费孝通、老舍等。昭君文化作为中国先进的历史文化和优秀的民族文化，最主要的一点是反映了中华民族“以和为贵”、“以亲为荣”的民族凝聚力。所以作为民族友好使者角色的王昭君，不仅受到中华各族人民的极大敬仰，而且也受到全世界爱好和平的各族人民的重视和欢迎。昭君文化的研究和弘扬，其意义不仅是中国的，而且是世界的。

昭君岛南临黄河，与鄂尔多斯市昭君坟隔岸相望，其余三面被黄河支流所环绕，“昭君岛”因此而得名。岛内有月牙湾、龙门湾、无源溪等自然水道和面积为8平方公里的天然草原，一年四季均有候鸟在岛上栖息和繁殖，并且有赤狐、蒙古兔、麝鼠和国家二类保护珍禽白天鹅。

岛上自然环境优美，登上观景楼，南望是广阔浩渺的黄河，北面是茂密的芦苇荡，游人泛舟其间，可领略水乡风光。岛上建有怀抱琵琶的昭君雕像，长有奇特的“三叶树”(一种长有三种不同树叶的树)，供游人观赏。为了方便旅游者在岛上观光、度假，旅游区内设有摩托艇、游艇、渡船、蒙古包以及民族风味餐厅等服务设施，游人在饱览大自然的旖旎风光后，还可以进行游泳、骑马、钓鱼等娱乐活动。

鄱阳湖上承赣、抚、信、饶、修五河之水，下接我国第一大河——长江。在正常的水位情况下，鄱阳湖面积有3914平方公里，容积达300亿立方米。它每年流入长江的水量超过黄、淮、海三河水量的总和。南北长170公里，东西最宽处70公里，洪水面积3900平方公里，蓄水量达5000亿立方。流域有都昌、湖口、星子、永修、鄱阳(波阳)、余干、南昌、新建、庐山区等八个县(区)，它是赣北的一颗明珠。

鄱阳湖在古代有过彭泽、彭湖、官亭湖等多种称谓，在漫长的历史年代有一个从无到有，从小到大的演变过程。远在地质史“元古代”时期，湖区为“扬子海槽”的一部分，大约在距今八九亿年前的燕山运动时期，湖区地壳又经断陷构成鄱阳湖盆地锥形。传说中的黄帝时期，“彭蠢泽”向南扩展，湖水进抵今鄱阳湖。在彭蠢泽大举南侵之前，低洼的鄱阳盆地上原本是人烟稠密的城镇，随着湖水的不断南侵，鄱阳湖盆地内的鄱阳县城和海昏县治先后被淹人湖中，而位于海昏县邻近较高处的吴城却日趋繁荣成江西四大古镇之一，因此，历史上曾有“淹了海昏县，出了吴城镇”之说。

烟波浩渺、水域辽阔的鄱阳湖，经过漫长的地质演变，形成南宽北狭的形状，犹如一只巨大的宝葫芦系在万里长江的腰带上。由于带有大量水蒸气的东南季风的影响，鄱阳湖年降雨量 在 1000 毫米以上，从而形成“泽国芳草碧，梅黄烟雨中”的湿润季风型气候，并成为著名的鱼米之乡。

鄱阳湖流域自古以来是我国经济较为发达的富裕地区，我国历史上很多杰出人物如徐稚、陶渊明、林士弘、刘恕、洪适、江万里、朱耷等都在湖区出生和成长。这里又发生过许多威武雄壮的英雄事迹，如周瑜操练水师、朱元璋与陈友谅鄱阳湖水战、太平军“湖日大捷”、李烈钧在湖口发起“二次革命”等。鄱阳湖是古代从北方进人江西的唯一水道，发生在鄱阳湖上的文人轶事和民间传说则更是难以胜数。唐代诗人王勃在《滕王阁序》中的名句：“渔舟唱晚，响彭蠡之滨”，描述的正是鄱阳湖上的渔民捕鱼归来的欢乐情景。宋代诗人苏轼在《李思训画长江绝岛图》诗中时写的“山苍苍，水茫茫，大姑小姑江中央”，描写的是鄱阳湖的胜景。

鄱阳湖上名山秀屿，比比皆是。湖口县的石钟山、大孤山，都昌县的南山和老爷庙，星子县的落星湖，风光如画，景色宜人。九江市旅游局已将鄱阳湖上的各景点通过游船连成一线即鄱阳湖水上旅游线。

鄱阳湖，美丽的湖，神话的湖，充满诗情画意的湖，她象一个淡妆素抹的少女，含情脉脉地笑迎每一位光临的游客神游翻阳湖。

各们朋友们，我们今天参观的下一站是享有“中国第一古刹”之称的白马寺。白马寺位于洛阳城东约12千米处，距今已有1900多年的历史了。白马寺初创于东汉永平十一年，即公元68年，是佛教传入中国后，由官府创办的第一座寺院，是源于南亚次大陆的佛教在辽阔的中华大地上赖以生存和发展的第一座提道声，被佛教界尊称是“祖庭”和“释源”。“祖庭”即祖师之庭院，“释源”即佛教的发源地。它对佛教在中国的传播和发展，对促进中外思想文分化交流都起到了积极的作用。

一提到白马寺呢，我想大家的脑海里会更清晰的浮现出唐僧取经的那匹白马吧，那告诉大家的是，它可比唐僧取经早560多年呢!

说到“白马寺”三个字，大家会问，既然不是白龙马的马，又为什么叫“白马寺”呢。首先给大家介绍一下“寺”字。那“寺”字是源于我国封建社会交外机构鸿胪寺的“寺”，后来成为我国的寺院的通称。白马寺呢，民间一直流传着一个白马驮经的故事。在东汉永平七年的一个晚上，刘秀之子汉明帝刘庄夜宿南宫，梦见一个身高丈六，头顶放光的金人自西而来，在殿庭飞绕。第二天早上，汉明帝召集大臣，把这个梦告诉大臣们，博学的傅毅启奏道：臣听说，西方有佛，就像您梦到的那样。明帝听罢，信以为真，于是派蔡音，秦景等十余人出使西域求佛经。蔡秦余人于公元65年离开洛阳，踏上了“西天取经”之路。大月氏中(今阿富汉)遇到印度高僧摄摩滕和竺法兰，见到了佛经和释迦牟尼的像，诚恳请二位高僧东赴中国弘扬佛法。公元67年，二位高僧应邀和东汉使者一道，用白马驮载佛像，佛经返回国都洛阳。汉明帝见之非常高兴，对二位高僧极为礼重，并安排他们在当时负责外交事务的官署鸿胪寺暂住。公元68年，明帝下令在洛阳建寺院，为纪念白马驮经之功，取名“白马寺”。

1961年，国务院公布白马寺为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，1983年，国务院又公布白马寺为全国汉传佛教重点寺院，20xx年6月，白马寺被国家旅游局定为国家4A级景区。

话说到这里，白马寺到了，请大家关好车窗，带好贵重物品，记清我们停车的位置和车牌号码及集合的时间，地点。随我下车去参观中国第一古刹——白马寺吧!白马寺游览示意图及导游词

游客朋友们，我们现在便来到了白马寺的山门前了。寺前的这两匹白马，是宋江代附马都尉魏咸信墓前之物，是两件优秀的宋江代石刻。1935年前后，主持僧德浩法师重修白马寺时，将他们置于山门前。我们看到的这座山门呢，始建于明代，1981年翻修顶部，“白马寺”三个字是原中国佛教协会

会长赵赴初先生题写的。山门这三个洞称“三解脱门”即无作门，无相门和空门。现在清各位随我进入白马寺。在我的左手侧有鼓楼，右手侧有钟楼。在钟楼以东鼓楼以西，分别是印度高僧摄摩腾和竺法兰的墓。他们共同译出了第一本汉文佛经《四十二章经》。由于时间关系我们就不去参观了。请大家随我直接进入第一重殿——天王殿。

迎面坐的大肚佛是弥勒佛，他笑容满面，左手握布带，右手持念珠，形象生动有趣为明代造像品。要告诉大家的是啊，在中国汉族的佛寺中，第一座大殿通常供奉弥勒佛，人们进入佛寺后，首先看到这一乐呵呵的形象，使人们对佛门产生一种亲切之感。四周贡奉的是四大天王，东方持国一，西方广目，南方增长一龙，北方多闻一年。四大天王喻意风调调雨顺。四大天王为清代泥塑。在天王殿东西两侧，有许多石榴树，人们说“五月石榴红似水“，而白马寺的石榴是白色的。

这尊面北泥像佛为韦驮天将，被称做“护法神“，著武将装，立弥勒佛后，正对大佛殿的释迦牟尼佛，执行着维护讲经道场，不许邪摩侵扰的任务，为清代泥塑。第年农历四月份，树上开满了晶莹洁白的石榴，真是“五月榴花白如雪啊”!

天王殿参观到此结束，请大家随我继续向前走，参观白马寺第二重大殿——大佛殿。朋友们，我们现在便进入大佛殿了。大佛殿是寺内主要殿堂，重大的佛事活动均在这里举行。现存大佛殿是明代重修的。殿内正中供奉七尊造像。一佛二弟子二菩萨二供养天人共七尊。主佛释迦牟尼佛，坐须弥座上，像高2.4米，据说这是他不语说法时的样子。大佛胸口的字符表示大佛“福德无量”。释迦牟尼左侧为大弟子摩汤珈叶，在这次“不语说法”中，惟有他懂得佛祖的真正用意，从而破颜微笑，后被推为释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中国禅宗推举他为在印度传承佛法的第一代祖师。在侧为大弟子阿难，他博闻强识，被称“多闻第一”，中国禅宗推举他为在印度传承佛法的第二代祖师。珈叶左侧为文殊菩萨，右手持经书《般若经》以知识渊博，聪明智慧著称，阿难右侧为普贤菩萨，手持如意钩，德阳行圆满，功过天地，以“行愿”著称。释迦牟尼与文殊，普贤菩萨合称“释迦三圣”。东西待立的两位供养天人，手持鲜花，体态娇娜，也称“散花天女”，在大佛讲经时，供养天人在高高的天上，纷纷散花，“天花乱坠”由此而来。还告诉大家的是大佛殿东南角是一口重2500斤的明代大钟，殿西南角为大法鼓。现在请大家随我进入下一个殿——大雄殿。

朋友们，现在我们看到的便是第三重殿——大雄殿。本为元代

所建是明清重修的。佛龛内的三尊圣佛，皆盘双膝于莲花座中，正中为释迦牟尼佛，尊称大雄，即像大力士那样神通广大，法力无边。给人以庄严圣洁之感。释迦牟尼左侧为东方“净琉璃世界的药师佛，右侧为西方”极乐世界“的教主阿弥陀佛，三尊佛左右相对韦驮，韦力二位护法神，殿内两侧供置”十八罗汉“。值得一提的是：大雄空殿的三主佛，二天将，十八罗汉都是元代造像与天王殿的弥勒佛共24尊，是1973年从北京故宫慈宁宫大佛堂调入的，采用夹干漆造像工艺，为传世文物瑰宝。其中十八罗汉为国内仅存一套是白马寺等之宝。殿内天相月上，画有鲜艳的莲花图案，殿中央的木雕贴金，双层佛龛。在上层龛额正中，浮雕着一只大鹏金翅鸟。佛教传说，大鹏金翅鸟的两侧，还各有三条龙，大鹏鸟喜欢吃龙，龙万般无奈，只好找如来佛祖告状，如来从身上所披加沙上抽出一束丝，用一根丝覆盖一条龙。从此，龙爱如来保护，不再担心爱大鹏鸟的伤害了。如来又运用神通，让贡品变化无限多，让贡品代替龙，满足了大鹏鸟的要求，实现双赢，龙鸟皆大欢喜，佛龛上的图案，大概也就勇于这个故事。现在请各位随我进入接引殿。

据说佛教徒修行到一定程度，有一定功课，可由阿弥陀佛接引到西方极乐世界。正中主佛为阿弥陀佛，右手向前作接引状，左手指西方“极乐世界“两侧分别为观音和大势至菩萨，他们三个合称”西方三圣“，为清代泥塑。接引殿在日治年间毁于火灾，光绪年间重建，是白马寺最晚最小的建筑。

现在请各位随我一起登上清凉台，相传汉明帝刘庄小时候曾在此避暑，后来二位印度高僧在此居住，并译经传教，《四十二章经》就在此译出。现在我们来到的是白马寺最后一重殿眦卢阁。整个台上以眦卢阁为中心，周围配僧房和廊庑等，构成一个封闭式院落，为明代重修，殿内佛坛上中间为眦卢遮那佛，意为“大日佛“，象征的是光明普照，佛法广大无边，眦卢佛是佛教中一具重要教派密宗所信奉最高的神。两侧为观音和大势至菩萨，他们三个合称“华严三圣”，清凉台两侧建有藏经阁和法空阁，分别供奉泰国送的中华吉佛和印度前拉奥赠送的释迦牟尼铜像。朋友，导游讲解到此结束，谢谢大家。现在给大家15分钟自由活动进间，15分钟后大门口集合，请大家抓紧时间。好了，自由活动吧!

Dear tourists

hello everyone.

Now we come to the Bund by the Huangpu River in Shanghai. First of all, Iwould like to welcome you to visit the Bund and wish you a pleasant trip.

There are five tourist routes in the new Bund. On your left hand side arethe magnificent buildings and spacious Zhongshan Road known as the "WorldArchitecture Expo". On your right hand side are the sparkling Huangpu River andPudong Lujia financial and trade zone with bright future. In front of you is anew and unique sightseeing area. The buildings, Zhongshan Road, sightseeingarea, Huangpu River and Lujiazui are like the staff in the music score, whilethe industrious Shanghai people are like strings of inter symbol, forming thelatest and most beautiful movement. Welcome to all the guests.

After the first war in 1840, the locked door was opened by the colonists,and Shanghai was forced to become a commercial port. Since then, all kinds ofwestern style buildings have sprung up with the colonists "seizing the beach".By the early 1930s, Shanghai had leapt from a coastal town to the largest cityin the Far East.

Although these buildings with European Renaissance style are not designedby the same designer or built in the same era, their architectural style is soharmonious and unified that it seems to be natural. From the the Bund road tothe outer white road bridge, the length of the arc is only 1.5 kilometers, androw upon row of 52 buildings of different styles, including English, French,ancient Greek, etc. At that time, many foreign banks, associations andconsulates gathered here, known as "Wall Street" in the East, forming ahistorical miniature of the semi colonial and semi feudal society in oldShanghai.

Please see, Dongfeng Hotel No.2 on the new Bund used to be a very famousBritish club. It is a typical British classical building. The building is 6stories high (including basement). There is a pavilion at the north and southends of the roof. The interior decoration is very gorgeous. The first floor barused to be proud of its 110.7-foot bar, which is the longest in the East. NowKFC is located in the bar.

Before the new Bund 12, it was the famous "HSBC Bank". The building wasbuilt in 1923, which is an antique Greek style dome building. The building is arectangular building close to square, with five stories high and a halfspherical top layer. There are seven stories at the top of the building and asteel frame structure. The interior of the building is decorated with variousreception rooms in the United States, Britain, France, Russia and Japan. Thisbuilding was once regarded by the British as one of the most exquisite buildingsfrom the Suez Canal to the Bering Strait in the Far East.

The building next to HSBC is the Shanghai customs building, a 19th-centuryretro building, built in 1927, which is rare in the world today. The clock onthe top of the building can be seen all around. It plays a short tune every 15minutes. The sound of the bell is melodious and deep, with a sound of 10 Li.

After Wilson, the British designer, the HSBC building and the customsbuilding are affectionately called "sister buildings" in Shanghai, and they arestill one of the important symbols of Shanghai.

The two buildings at the entrance of Nanjing East Road are called peacehotel. The south facing building was built in 1906. It was called Huizhong hotelat that time. It is the earliest existing hotel in Shanghai. It can be used as ahistorical building, belonging to the Renaissance of British culture. Thebiggest feature of the building is that the facade is made of red brick withwaist line and white wall brick with veneer. From a distance, it looks solemnand elegant with unique style, which is a rare masterpiece.

These buildings on the Bund are the crystallization of the industriouswisdom of the Chinese working people, and also reflect the plunder and invasionof Shanghai by the western colonists. Nowadays, in order to let people know thehistory of these buildings, the Chinese and English nameplates are hung in frontof each building.

As for the Bund, the name given to her by Shanghai people has changed withthe passage of time. Shanghai people call the Bund before liberation the oldBund and after liberation the Bund. Now people praise it as the new Bund. Therehave been scenes of seizing the Bund many times in history, but each time has acompletely different historical significance. Since the Third Plenary Session ofthe Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the strategicfocus of Chinas reform and opening up has also changed from south to north. Thedevelopment and revitalization of Pudong has brought Shanghai to the forefrontof Chinas reform and opening up. The spring breeze has awakened Shanghai Bund,which has been sleeping for many years. Chinese and foreign financialinstitutions have also seized the Bund. Shanghai has made a major move to "clearthe nest and attract Phoenix", replacing the Bund Financial Street houses,attracting "old customers" from home and abroad to settle down again, showingthe style of "Wall Street" in the Far East.

The Bund is a symbol of Shanghai and a must for Chinese and foreigntourists. But in the past, because of the narrow road and the crowded traffic,the overall image of the Bund was seriously affected. In order to change theappearance of the Bund, the Shanghai Peoples government takes the Bund as a keypoint to transform. The road in front of us is called Zhongshan Road. It isnamed in memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the pioneer of Chinas democraticrevolution. It is also part of the comprehensive transformation of the Bund. Theroad is 826m long and 45m wide with 6 to 10 lanes. This wide traffic line is notonly limited to the Bund area, but also extends with the pace of reform andopening up. It starts from Jiangwan Wujiaochang in the north and ends at NanpuBridge in the south. By the beginning of the next century, the North-SouthCorridor will be 15 kilometers long and will become a landmark of Shanghaitourism.

The riverside road we are taking now is quite unique. It not onlyintegrates culture and greening, but also is a good place for people to practicewriting and martial arts in the morning, a place for tourists at home and abroadto visit in the daytime, and an ideal place for lovers to have a love talk inthe evening. It is said that many foreign friends have come to experiencelife.

Ladies and gentlemen, strolling in the new Bund Sightseeing Area, do youfeel that the new Bund not only has a new look, but also has a strong artisticatmosphere in the bustling city. Lets see: an artistic landscape with the themeof "for tomorrow" is set on the Bund of Yanan East Road, embracing with sixcolumns and combining with the meteorological signal station with a history ofmore than 80 years to form a group of scenery. The customs building and theelectronic waterfall clock are also quite new. The electronic waterfall clock isa ladder type, 27 meters long and 3.5 meters high, with 10 full steps. The wholeoperation process is controlled by computer. There are more than 1000 jets ofwater in various colors of Arabic numerals, which makes the world so far awayand so close to each other. The tourist area has become a scenic line ofShanghai style culture that can accommodate hundreds of rivers.

Walking on the Bund, we unconsciously entered Huangpu Park. When it comesto the park, everyone in China cant forget the sign "Chinese and dogs are notallowed to enter" hung by foreign powers at the entrance of the park. Theinfamous sign brought great shame to the Chinese people at that time. Now, the60 meter high Shanghai Peoples handsome monument stands in front of the water.The majestic three pillar huanggangyan tower seems to tell people that thepeople will always remember the heroes who sacrificed their lives for thenational humiliation and Shanghais revolutionary cause since the war, the May4th Movement and the liberation war.

Huangpu Park is facing the famous Huangpu River at home and abroad. "Theyellow water in Huanglongpu on the moon" vividly depicts the color of HuangpuRiver. Jiangpu river is the mother river of Shanghai. It originates from TaihuLake in Wuxi. It is the longest, widest and deepest river in Shanghai, with atotal length of 114 km, an average width of 400 m and a depth of 7-9 M. Itsoriginal name is Dongjiang, also known as chunshenjiang and huangxiejiang. It issaid that more than 20__ years ago, Shanghai belonged to the state of Chu. Atthat time, there was a great general named Huang Xie in the state of Chu. He wasvery talented in governing the country. He was appointed prime minister by theking of Chu and was granted the title of "fengshenjun" to govern the land ofShanghai. Due to the siltation of the upper reaches of Dongjiang River at thattime, he led the people of Shanghai to dredge and modify the waterway, whichgreatly developed Shanghais water transportation and agriculture. In order tocommemorate Huang Xies achievements, later generations changed the name ofDongjiang River to "chunshenjiang" and "huangxiepu", which was not officiallynamed "Huangpu River" until the Southern Song Dynasty.

Overlooking the other bank, Pudong Lujiazui financial and trade zone andPuxi Bund are facing each other. Its functions are finance, trade and foreignservices. It will be the core and symbol of new Shanghai. "East Bund" BinjiangAvenue, with a total length of 2500 meters, integrates tourism, sightseeing andentertainment, along which there are six distinctive squares. Although I canonly smell the rumbling sound of piling, it is the most gorgeous movement on thestaff and predicts a better future for the Bund.