上海旅游导游词最新20篇

各位嘉宾：上午好!(致欢迎辞)

首先，让我代表------旅行社，欢迎诸位前来福建永定客家土楼观光旅游。

我叫------，很幸运为各位嘉宾导游，因为自己才疏学浅，程度不高，有不到之处请大家谅解，祝各位身材健康，旅途高兴，谢谢!(发宣扬册)。

永定土楼

今天，咱们的目标地是福建土楼(永定下洋)游览景致区，路过红坊镇、高陂镇、坎市镇、抚市镇、陈东乡、岐岭乡、下洋镇等七个乡镇，全程约80公里。现在我用客家方言说一名、句“欢送各位嘉宾光顾永定客家土楼”。

据不完整统计，永定县境内共有23018座土楼，其中圆土楼有362座。永定土楼最先建军于唐代，至今已有1200多年的历史。

说起土楼旅游，有一个实在的故事。在上个世纪七十年代初，某超级大国的卫星发明中国福建的西部充满了无数个大小不一、或圆或方的不明建筑物，他们猜忌可能是核反映堆，也可能是导弹发射井，而且规模宏大，数目惊人，引起该国当局的高度器重，于是差遣特工职员以记者的身份前来探个毕竟，结果探明是一座座土楼民居修筑。固然虚惊了一场，然而却为土楼旅游的发展带来了前所未有的契机。到目前为止，永定土楼已招待了四十三个国度和地区的近百万中外游客。

应当说永定的圆土楼最为神奇跟最有魅力，由于中国的远古时期，人们以为天是圆的，地是方的，古人以圆和方代表天和地，崇敬有加。尤其认为“圆”存在无限的神力，给人带来万事和合、子孙团聚。永定最大的圆土楼共四层，有400多个房间，可住六七十户人家约五、六百人。圆土楼内有水井、浴室、厕所、磨房、猪舍、花园、学校等设施，建造面积达5000平方米以上，说她象个小城市一点都不夸大。传说有两个同楼的新媳妇某日外家相遇，为“本人住的楼是最大的土楼”这一话题争得面红耳赤，成果结伴回家才晓得，她们住的是统一座土圆楼。有人统计，假使你到土楼借宿做客，在每一家用膳一天，要两个多月的时间;每个房间住一个晚上，要用一年多的时间;天天意识楼里的一个人，要用近两年的时光。其间新的媳妇女娶进来了，新的小性命又出生了，因而你永远也无奈认识全楼的人。

假如碰到外来权势的侵袭和攻打，只有关上大门，守住要口，全楼平安无事。因为土楼的大门是用二、三十厘米厚的不易着火的杂木制成的，有些门还钉了铁板，楼门上装了防火水槽。圆楼外圈的一、二层不开窗，所以敌人攻到楼下也无可奈何，甚至围困一年半载，楼内柴米仍一直绝，生涯仍旧畸形。有专家总结，圆土楼具备六种功效：1、聚族而居;2、教化娱乐;3、防风抗震;4、防火防潮;5、保险防守;6、冬暖夏凉。

现在，我荣幸的告知大家一个好新闻：福建土楼，已被世界文化遗产核心列入《世界遗产名录》，也说是福建土楼将成为全世界、全人类的文化遗产。

福建作家许怀中先生说：“永定土楼是个句号，却引出无数的问号和感慨号”。日本东京艺术大学教学茂木计一朗说：“永定土楼象地下冒出的宏大蘑菇，又象自天而降的玄色飞碟".美国哈佛大学修建设计师克劳得说:“永定土楼是客家人勇敢、标新立异的力作，它闪耀着客家人的智慧，经常使我冲动不已”。你正阅读的文章由(第一?范?文网)收拾，版权归原作者、原出地方有。

客家人

我唱一首客家山歌给大家听(或朗读一首客家民谣)。我们一再称在土楼内寓居的人为“客家人”，那么什么是“客家人”，我来为大家解开这个谜。

良多人误认为“客家”是一个民族，实在客家是中华民族中汉族的一支特别的民系。两千多年以来，中原地域的汉人因为宫廷内哄、回避战乱、天然灾祸及政府南迁等到种.种原因此呈现六次较大范围的向南方迁徙。第一次是秦始皇时派兵五十万驻扎广东南岭;第二次是东汉末年黄巾起义和三国两晋时代;第三次是唐朝末年至五代十国的动荡时期;第四次是南宋时期金兵南下导致汉人南渡;第五次是清兵南下，客家人抗清失败而迁移;第六次是清代雍正年间的“移湖广，填四川”政策(相称于当初的三峡移民政策)，大批客家人向广西、四川等到地迁移。

依据专家统计，两千多年来，中原地区大量的汉人南迁，目前重要假寓在福建、广东和江西地区，而后又扩散至四川、广西、海南、中国台湾、香港、东南亚等地。那么，相对这些地区的原居民而言，他们应该是客人，所以统称“客家人”。

我们所说的“客家文化”，就是中原汉族秘当时南方的百越族经由长时期的融会，构成了一种既保存了中原汉族文化的主要特征，又精神抖擞纳了当地少数民族的文化精髓，这种文化就是在民俗语风情和文化语言等到方面有明显汉族特点，同时又有绝对独破性“客家文明”。在我们行将参观的土楼大型客家民俗博物馆里面，大家就能够直观地懂得这种汉族文化与少数民族文化相联合的“文化景象”，典范的“客家文化”。

西双版纳傣族自治州，位于云南省西南端，是云南省下辖的一个自治州。西双版纳，古代傣语为“勐巴拉那西”，意思是“理想而神奇的乐土”，这里以神奇的热带雨林自然景观和少数民族风情而闻名于世，是中国的热点旅游城市之一。每年的泼水节于4月中旬举行，吸引了众多国内外的游客参与。

景区包括景洪市风景片区、勐海县风景片区、勐腊县风景片区三大块。每一块内又有若干景区，共有19个风景区，800多个景点，总面积1202.53平方公里。该区有著种类繁多的动植物资源，被称之为“热带动物”王国。其中许多珍稀、古老、奇特、濒危的动、植物又是西双版纳独有的，引起了国内外游客和科研工作者的极大兴趣。景观以丰富迷人的热带、亚热带雨林、季雨林、沟谷雨林风光、珍稀动物和绚丽多彩的民族文化，民族风情为主体。该区景观独特，知名度高。

?最佳季节：10月-次年6月。西双版纳地区属于热带雨林气候，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，四季温暖宜人。最佳的旅游时间在10月-次年6月。西双版纳的气候只有干湿之分，每年11月-次年4月为干季，雨季在每年5-10月间。年平均气温21℃，这里从来不下雪，即使在1月份，白天气温也很高，一件毛衣足可过冬。当然，淡季(雨季)来景洪也可以大饱口福，众多热带水果在此季节上市。雨季也让各类野菜、菌类、竹笋等纷纷上市，是吃野菜的好季节。另外淡季的景洪夜晚凉爽，夜间生活丰富多彩，适合度假休闲。

瘦西湖位于江苏省扬州市西北部，因湖面瘦长，称“瘦西湖”。窈窕曲折的湖道，串以长堤春柳、四桥烟雨、徐园、小金山、吹台、五亭桥、白塔、二十四桥、玲珑花界、熙春台、望春楼、吟月茶楼、湖滨长廊、石壁流淙、静香书屋等两岸景点，俨然一幅天然秀美的国画长卷。

湖面迂回曲折，迤逦伸展，仿佛神女的腰带，媚态动人。清朝时，康熙、乾隆二帝曾数次南巡扬州，当地的豪绅争相建园，遂得“园林之盛，甲于天下”之说。

扬州瘦西湖全长4.3公里，游览面积30多公顷，有长堤、徐园、小金山、吹台、月观、五亭桥、凫庄、白塔等名胜。湖区利用桥、岛、堤、岸的划分，使狭长湖面形成层次分明、曲折多变的山水园林景观。

在清秀婉曲的瘦西湖两岸，缀以熔南秀北雄于一炉的扬州古典园林群，形成移步换景、相互因借的山水长轴;名寺古刹和古城墙垣绵延相属，名胜古迹和历史遗存散布其间。风韵独具的自然风光和含蕴丰厚的人文景观相映生辉，是镶嵌在历史文化名城中的一颗璀璨明珠。

御码头

乾隆十八年(1753)，清高宗南巡时，在天宁寺西园建行宫，宫前筑0头，是乾隆在此登舟游湖之处，故称"御码头"，而曹雪芹的祖父曹寅曾在此四次接驾。曹寅也曾在西园奉命刊刻《全唐诗》。建国后，码头青石平台和坡道基本保持原貌，增立了"御码头"碑亭一座，现今是"乾隆水上游览线"的起点。御码头修得如此壮观是在乾隆年间。而不知当时曹大人是否有个外孙女就是从此码头乘船离开扬州进京的?

上海东方明珠导游词

上海东方明珠广播电视塔又被称为东方明珠塔,塔高468米,位于上海黄浦江畔、浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上,1991年7月30日动工,1994年10月1日建成。下面是小编收集整理的上海东方明珠导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

上海东方明珠导游词(一)

东方明珠广播电视塔坐落于黄浦江畔浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望。塔高468米，位居亚洲第一、世界第三(拿大多伦多的多伦多国家塔 553m, 俄罗斯莫斯科的奥斯坦金诺广播电视塔的高塔540m)和左右两侧的南浦大桥、杨浦大桥一起，形成双龙戏珠之势。

东方明珠广播电视塔的设计者富于幻想地将十一个大小不一、高低错落的球体从蔚蓝的空中串联到如茵的绿色草地上，两个巨大球体宛如两颗红宝石，晶莹夺目，与塔下新落成的世界一流的上海国际会议中心(1999财富论坛上海年会主会场)的两个地球球体，构成了充满“大珠小珠落玉盘”诗情画意的壮美景观。

东方明珠广播电视塔由三根直径为9米的擎天立柱、太空舱、上球体、下球体、五个小球、塔座和广场组成。可载50人的双层电梯和每秒7米的高速电梯为目前国内所仅有。立体照明系统绚丽多彩、美不胜收。光彩夺目的上球体观光层直径45米，高263米，是鸟瞰大上海的最佳场所。当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、崇明岛都隐约可见，令人心旷神怡。上球体另有设在267米的旋转餐厅(每小时转一圈)、disco舞厅、钢琴酒吧和设在271米的20间ktv包房向游客开放。

高耸入云的太空舱建在350米处，内有观光层、会议厅和咖啡座，典雅豪华、得天独厚。空中旅馆设在五个小球中，有20套客房，环境舒适、别有情趣。东方明珠万邦百货有限公司商场面积18000平方米，经营服装、工艺美术品、金银饰品、皮具、食品等，使游客在观光之余可享受到购物与美食的乐趣。

东方明珠科幻城位于塔底，有森林之旅、南极之旅、魔幻之旅、藏宝洞、迪尼剧场、欢乐广场、激光影院、动感影院、探险列车等项目，精彩刺激、老少咸宜。还有独一无二的“太空热气球”将您送上天空，尽览上海大都市美景，使您永生难忘。

东方明珠塔内的上海历史博物馆，是专门介绍上海近百年来发展史的史志性博物馆。通过珍贵的文物、文献、档案、图片，以先进的影视和音响设备，形象生动地反映近代上海城市发展的历史。馆内陈列分国中之国的租界、旧上海市政建设和街景、近代城市经济、近代文化、都市生活、政治风云等六大部分，全面地展示了上海在政治、经济、文化、社会、生活等各方面的深刻变化。是一个形象生动的人文景点。

东方明珠塔下的国际游船码头，有“浦江游览”旅游项目，登上邓小平同志当年南巡视察上海时乘座的游船，饱览浦江两岸美景，您将领略到“火树银花不夜城”的意境。国际游船码头里的“海鸥坊”，供应自助餐，您只需花费48元，就能无限畅饮美味和美景。 东方明珠广播电视塔集观光、会议、博览、餐饮、购物、娱乐、住宿、广播电视发射为一体，已成为21世纪上海城市的标志性建筑。目前，“东方明珠”年观光人数和旅游收入在世界各高塔中仅次于法国的艾菲尔铁塔而位居第二，从而挤身世界著名旅游景点行列。 金茂大厦 金茂大厦[1](JinMaoTower)，又称金茂大楼，位于上海浦东新区黄浦 金茂大厦江畔的陆家嘴金融贸易区，楼高420.5米，目前是上海第3高的摩天大楼(截至20xx)、中国大陆第3高楼、世界第8高楼。大厦于1994年开工，1998年建成，有地上88层，若再加上尖塔的楼层共有93层，地下3层，楼面面积27万8,707平方米，有多达130部电梯与555间客房，现已成为上海的一座地标，是集现代化办公楼、五星级酒店、会展中心、娱乐、商场等设施于一体，融汇中

国塔型风格与西方建筑技术的多功能型摩天大楼，由著名的美国芝加哥SOM设计事务所的设计师Adrian Smith设计。 遥对东方明珠广播电视塔，毗邻延安东路隧道口，与地铁二号线连通，其主体建筑地上88层，地下3层，高420.5米，占地面积23611平方米，总建筑面积29万平方米。曾为上海第一高楼，大陆第一高楼，20xx年8月29日被比邻的环球金融中心超越。金茂大厦是融办工、商务、宾馆等多功能为一体的智能化高档楼宇，第3-50层为可容纳10000多人同时办公的、宽敞明亮的无柱空间;第51-52层为机电设备层;第53-87层为世界上最高的超五星级金茂凯悦大酒店，其中第56层至塔顶层的核心内是一个直径27米、阳光可透过玻璃折射进来的净空高达142米的“空中中庭”环绕中庭四周的是大小不等、风格各异的555间客房和各式中西餐厅等;第86层为企业家俱乐部;第87层为空中餐厅;距地面340.1米的第88层为国内第二高的观光层(仅次于环球金融中心)，可容纳1000多名游客，两部速度为9.1米/秒的高速电梯用45秒将观光宾客从地下室1层直接送达观光层，环顾四周，极目眺望，上海新貌尽收眼底。

环球金融中心

上海环球金融中心 Shanghai global financial hub是以日本的森大厦株式会社(Mori Building Corporation)为中心，联合日本、美国等40多家企业投资兴建的项目，总投资额超过1050亿日元(逾10亿美元)。原设计高460米，工程地块面积为3万平方米，总建筑面积达38.16万平方米，比邻金茂大厦。1997年年初开工后，因受亚洲金融危机影响，工程曾一度停工。20xx年2月工程复工。但由于当时中国台北和香港都已在建480米高的摩天大厦，超过环球金融中心的原设计高度。由于日本方面兴建世界第一高楼的初衷不变，对原设计方案进行了修改。修改后的环球金融中心比原来增加7层，即达到地上100层，地下3层，楼层总面积约377,300平方米。

楼层规划

大楼楼层规划为地下2楼至地上3楼是商场，3～5楼是会议设施，7楼至77楼为办公室，其中有两个空中门厅，分别在28～29楼及52～53楼，79～至93楼是酒店，将由凯悦集团负责管理，90楼设有两台风阻尼器，94至100楼为观光、观景设施，共有三个观景台，其中94楼为「观光大厅」，是一个约700平方米的展览场地及观景台，可举行不同类型的展览活动，97楼为「观光天桥」，在第100层又设计了一个最高的「观光天阁」，长约55米，地上高达474米，超越加拿大国家电视塔的观景台，超过杜迪拜的迪拜塔观景台(地上440米)，成为未来世界最高的观景台。

风阻尼器

大楼在90楼(约395米)设置了两台风阻尼器，各重150公吨，使用感应器测出建筑物遇风的摇晃程度，及通过电脑计算以控制阻尼器移动的方向，减少大楼由于强风而引起的摇晃，而预计这两台阻尼器也将成为世界最高的自动控制阻尼器。

世界第一高楼之争

该工程于1997年开工，1997年8月27日正式奠基，原设计高460米，94层，原本预计建成后将成为世界第一高楼，后来因受亚洲金融危机影响，工程一度停工了6年直到20xx年2月13日，当时其设计高度已被其他摩天大楼建筑计划超越，复工后的大厦对设计方案进行了修改，比原来增加32米(7层)，即达到地上101层，从而使总高度达到492米，但以美国权威建筑机构CTBUH所订定的高度计算而言，仍低于已建成的台北101大楼(总高509.2米)，对此相关部门指出，台北101的高度包括60米尖塔在内，就实体高度(大厦屋顶)而言，环球金融中心仍属世界第一，但又由於复工后其工程速度已不如阿拉伯联合大公国的迪拜塔工程，直至被超越，至此计划定位为中国大陆第一高楼与世界第三高楼。

上海东方明珠导游词(二)

东方明珠广播电视塔坐落于黄浦江畔浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望。塔高468米，位居亚洲第一、世界第三的高塔和左右两侧的南浦大桥、杨浦大桥一起，形成双龙戏珠之势，成为上海改革开放的象征。

东方明珠广播电视塔的设计者富于幻想地将十一个大小不一、高低错落的球体从蔚蓝的空中串联到如茵的绿色草地上，两个巨大球体宛如两颗红宝石，晶莹夺目，与塔下新落成的世界一流的上海国际会议中心(1999财富论坛上海年会主会场)的两个地球球体，构成了充满“大珠小珠落玉盘”诗情画意的壮美景观。

东方明珠广播电视塔由三根直径为9米的擎天立柱、太空舱、上球体、下球体、五个小球、塔座和广场组成。可载50人的双层电梯和每秒7米的高速电梯为目前国内所仅有。立体照明系统绚丽多彩、美不胜收。光彩夺目的上球体观光层直径45米，高263米，是鸟瞰大上海的最佳场所。当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、崇明岛都隐约可见，令人心旷神怡。上球体另有设在267米的旋转餐厅(每小时转一圈)、disco舞厅、钢琴酒吧和设在271米的20间ktv包房向游客开放。

高耸入云的太空舱建在350米处，内有观光层、会议厅和咖啡座，典雅豪华、得天独厚。空中旅馆设在五个小球中，有20套客房，环境舒适、别有情趣。东方明珠万邦百货有限公司商场面积18000平方米，经营服装、工艺美术品、金银饰品、皮具、食品等，使游客在观光之余可享受到购物与美食的乐趣。

东方明珠科幻城位于塔底，有森林之旅、南极之旅、魔幻之旅、藏宝洞、迪尼剧场、欢乐广场、激光影院、动感影院、探险列车等项目，精彩刺激、老少咸宜。还有独一无二的“太空热气球”将您送上天空，尽览上海大都市美景，使您永生难忘。

东方明珠塔内的上海历史博物馆，是专门介绍上海近百年来发展史的史志性博物馆。通过珍贵的文物、文献、档案、图片，以先进的影视和音响设备，形象生动地反映近代上海城市发展的历史。馆内陈列分国中之国的租界、旧上海市政建设和街景、近代城市经济、近代文化、都市生活、政治风云等六大部分，全面地展示了上海在政治、经济、文化、社会、生活等各方面的深刻变化。是一个形象生动的人文景点。

东方明珠塔下的国际游船码头，有“浦江游览”旅游项目，登上邓小平同志当年南巡视察上海时乘座的游船，饱览浦江两岸美景，您将领略到“火树银花不夜城”的意境。国际游船码头里的“海鸥坊”，供应自助餐，您只需花费48元，就能无限畅饮美味和美景。

东方明珠广播电视塔集观光、会议、博览、餐饮、购物、娱乐、住宿、广播电视发射为一体，已成为21世纪上海城市的标志性建筑。目前，“东方明珠”年观光人数和旅游收入在世界各高塔中仅次于法国的艾菲尔铁塔而位居第二，从而挤身世界著名旅游景点行列。

上海东方明珠导游词(三)

东方明珠广播电视塔坐落于黄浦江畔浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望。塔高468米，位居亚洲第一、世界第三的高塔和左右两侧的南浦大桥、杨浦大桥一起，形成双龙戏珠之势，成为上海改革开放的象征。

东方明珠广播电视塔的设计者富于幻想地将十一个大小不一、高低错落的球体从蔚蓝的空中串联到如茵的绿色草地上，两个巨大球体宛如两颗红宝石，晶莹夺目，与塔下新落成的世界一流的上海国际会议中心(1999财富论坛上海年会主会场)的两个地球球体，构成了充满“大珠小珠落玉盘”诗情画意的壮美景观。

东方明珠广播电视塔由三根直径为9米的擎天立柱、太空舱、上球体、下球体、五个小球、塔座和广场组成。可载50人的双层电梯和每秒7米的高速电梯为目前国内所仅有。立体照明系统绚丽多彩、美不胜收。光彩夺目的上球体观光层直径45米，高263米，是鸟瞰大上海的最佳场所。当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、崇明岛都隐约可见，令人心旷神怡。上球体另有设在267米的旋转餐厅(每小时转一圈)、DISCO舞厅、钢琴酒吧和设在271米的20间KTV包房向游客开放。

高耸入云的太空舱建在350米处，内有观光层、会议厅和咖啡座，典雅豪华、得天独厚。空中旅馆设在五个小球中，有20套客房，环境舒适、别有情趣。东方明珠万邦百货有限公司商场面积18000平方米，经营服装、工艺美术品、金银饰品、皮具、食品等，使游客在观光之余可享受到购物与美食的乐趣。

东方明珠科幻城位于塔底，有森林之旅、南极之旅、魔幻之旅、藏宝洞、迪尼剧场、欢乐广场、激光影院、动感影院、探险列车等项目，精彩刺激、老少咸宜。还有独一无二的“太空热气球”将您送上天空，尽览上海大都市美景，使您永生难忘。

东方明珠塔内的上海历史博物馆，是专门介绍上海近百年来发展史的史志性博物馆。通过珍贵的文物、文献、档案、图片，以先进的影视和音响设备，形象生动地反映近代上海城市发展的历史。馆内陈列分国中之国的租界、旧上海市政建设和街景、近代城市经济、近代文化、都市生活、政治风云等六大部分，全面地展示了上海在政治、经济、文化、社会、生活等各方面的深刻变化。是一个形象生动的人文景点。

东方明珠塔下的国际游船码头，有“浦江游览”旅游项目，登上邓小平同志当年南巡视察上海时乘座的游船，饱览浦江两岸美景，您将领略到“火树银花不夜城”的意境。国际游船码头里的“海鸥坊”，供应自助餐，您只需花费48元，就能无限畅饮美味和美景。

东方明珠广播电视塔集观光、会议、博览、餐饮、购物、娱乐、住宿、广播电视发射为一体，已成为21世纪上海城市的标志性建筑。目前，“东方明珠”年观光人数和旅游收入在世界各高塔中仅次于法国的艾菲尔铁塔而位居第二，从而挤身世界著名旅游景点行列。

龙华塔位于龙华寺前，相传初建于赤乌十年(公元247)。现在的龙华寺建于清光绪年间，但基本保持宋代佛教禅宗的伽蓝七堂制原貌，是一组较完整的寺庙建筑群。寺内珍藏有唐、五代、明、清年间的经书、金印、佛像等。

龙华寺殿宇巍峨，金碧辉煌，佛像庄严凝重。这里的佛像有两处与众不同，一是因为龙华寺为弥勒道场，有两尊弥勒塑像，天王殿供的是弥勒的菩萨像，弥勒殿供的是化身像，俗称“布袋和尚”，二是大雄宝殿，其他寺院大殿主尊两侧，或是宣传佛法的“十八罗汉”，或是保护佛法的“二十诸天”，而龙华寺大殿内，罗汉和诸天济济一堂。

现存龙华塔为楼阁式七层八面砖木宝塔，高40.4米，塔体橙黄，刹杆高耸，其砖身和基础部分，系宋太平兴国二年(公元977年)建造时的原物。宝塔各层均飞檐曲栏，姿态雄伟美观，为上海地区至今保存最完美的古塔之一。

龙华寺的天王殿东西两侧建有钟鼓楼，“龙华晚钟”为明清时期“沪城八景”之一，从1991年起，每年十二月三十一日，在龙华寺举行的迎新年撞龙华晚钟活动，吸引了许多的中外游客，这一活动已经被国家旅游局定为国家级旅游项目之一。

龙华景区的民俗风情在上海大概只有豫园能和它相媲美了。每到年底的时候，12月31日龙华景区要举办一个盛大的热闹的旅游活动，这就是“迎新年，撞龙华晚钟”。这一天，成千上万的人来到这里，子夜时分，108响钟声响起，成为旅游节庆的一个亮点。同时钟声又延长到新的一年，又是新年一条亮丽的风景线。还有每一年的3、4月举办龙华庙会，有400多年历史，现在一年要举办两次。看民间文艺，尝地方风味，购地方特产。所以龙华景区文化的综合性和旅游的多样性在上海的旅游景点当中是相当突出的。

长春旅游导游词

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到这里旅游。

这里是一片沃土，远在四万年前就有人类生息繁衍。

1951年，在长春地区的榆树市发现人骨化石一批哺乳动物化石。出土物证明，早在远古时代，在长春这片土地上的古代人类已进入了智人阶段，属旧石器晚期，母系氏族社会初期。1984年，在农安县发现一处新石器时代人类的居住遗址，原始农业已很发达，并掌握了原始纺织技术，已进入着装时代。

长春地区最早出现的城市是“夫余王城”。从东汉到西晋，夫余族国家一直臣属中原王朝。公元493年被北方勿吉族所灭。公元494年，夫余王为勿吉所逐，率妻孥投奔高句丽，从此国亡。北魏至高初，高句丽强盛 。原来的扶余故都为高句丽的扶余府。公元668年，唐破高句丽。

自唐玄宗开元元年（713年）之后渤海人兴起，族建立了渤海国。今长春地区属西京夫余府和莫页颉府夫余府，府治在今长春市迤南。北宋时期，建立了辽帝国，并设辽东京道黄龙府（今农安县城）。北宋末年，公元1114年9月，女真族各部不堪统治者压迫，其首领完颜阿骨打起兵抗辽，1115年攻破黄龙府。阿骨打即称帝，国号金，年号收国元年。并于1140年改黄龙府为济州。辽金时代是长春地区历史上最繁荣的时代，金国曾多次进犯中原，公元1126年，金兵掠宋朝徽钦二帝北走，曾把他们一度囚禁于此。南宋抗金名将岳飞曾说"直抵黄龙府，与诸军痛饮耳"。指的就是这个黄龙府。公元1234年，金为蒙古所灭，1271年蒙古族政权改国号为元。这一带成为蒙古游牧之地。1644年清兵入关时，今长春地区的蒙古族人口与满族人口皆为八旗编制。清王朝建立柳条边，实行封禁政策，保护关外陵寝，保护皇家围场，保证江北贡品人参、貂皮、东珠、鹿茸等资源、防止各族人民流动迁徒，防止汉人进入开发并保护满族骑射尚武的风俗。时光流逝，这里曾创造过辉煌的文化和物质文明；几度沧桑，这里曾是厮杀和征战的战场。这里的历史遗迹，默默地陈诉当年往事和千秋功过。

长春是一座年轻的城市，只有200多年的历史，地处中国松辽平原腹地，是吉林省省会，全省的政治、经济、文化中心。长春经过不断的发展建设，在发展上逐渐形成了自己的独特优势，成为工农业基础雄厚，商业繁荣兴旺、科技教育事业发达、对外开放程度较高、在全国举足轻重的中心城市，被国内外朋友誉为“汽车城”、“森林城”、“电影城”和“科技文化城”。

长春地理位置比较优越。作为中国北方区域性中心城市之一，处于中国东北地区辽、吉、黑、蒙四省区通衢的十字要冲，南可联结中国辽东半岛沿海城市，北可通过黑龙江省向独联体和东欧各国拓展，东可经珲春、图们江口岸通往朝鲜、韩国、俄罗斯，西可由吉林省白城地区与蒙古交往。这种特殊的地理位置，使长春成为中国东北地区巨大经济链条中最关键的一环，成为东北地区重要的交通、通讯枢纽和物流中心。

长春是一座风光秀美的城市。作为中国首批优秀旅游城市之一，旅游开发上也形成了一定的特色。长春市是一座“森林城”，城市绿化率已经达到38.8%，位于全国大城市前茅。不仅市区绿树成荫,就连城市周边也是绿色的海洋,环城高速公路两侧90公里长、550米宽的绿化带，是城市一道美丽的风景。距市区9公里、面积126.5平方公里的“净月潭森林公园”，拥有亚洲最大的人工森林，宛如长春一片巨大的“肺叶”，使长春人就像生活在森林中一样，这里有最好的阳光、空气和水。长春还有很多著名的人文景观，农安辽代古塔，许多日伪时期的遗迹，有中国现存三大帝王宫殿之一的伪满皇宫和八大部。冬季冰雪旅游更是长春的热点，在这里不但可以滑雪、溜冰、参加雪地汽车拉力赛，还可以欣赏冰雕、雪雕等各类冰雪艺术品。

长春还是一个开放度较高的城市。丰富的自然资源，良好的区位条件，长春的工业有着较好的发展基础。作为国家的老工业基地之一，经过多年的发展建设，基本上形成了以交通运输设备制造业为主体的、门类比较齐全的工业体系。其中，一汽集团是全国规模最大、品种最全的现代化汽车科研生产基地，产品主要有轿车和中型载重卡车。除了汽车，长春的客车、摩托车、托拉机等工业也在全国占有举足轻重的位置。长春客车厂是国内较大的铁路客车、地铁客车科研生产和出口基地。此外，机械、电子、化工、冶金、建材等行业也具有一定的基础和潜力。长春还是我国著名的“粮仓”，农业产业化建设初具规模。长春地处世界著名的黄金玉米带，盛产玉米、大豆、水稻、高粱。

好，游客朋友们，今天就为大家讲解到这儿，谢谢各位的支持！

游客朋友们：

大家好!欢迎你们到赵县来，光临举世闻名的赵州桥(导游员自我介绍)，很高兴能为大家作导游服务，并预祝各位旅途愉快!现在我们所处的地方是以赵州桥为中心而建的赵州桥公园。这诗园的大门正门口，门楣上这块“瞻奇仰异”横匾是清朝顺治年间赵州知事孔兴训所书，此匾题字已被《中华名匾》一书所收录。等大家参观完以后，是否也会产生同感，认同赵州桥确是一处伟大而奇异的景观呢?再看眼前的这块影壁正面上，选刻前我国当代已故著名桥梁专家茅以升先生的《中国石拱桥》的文章。茅老的这篇文章最早发表在1962年3月4日的《人民日报》上，原文较长，以下节录的这一段主要总结了赵州桥的情况。茅老在文章中说“我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有。这些桥大小不一，形式多样，有许多是惊人的杰作。其中最著名的当推河北省赵县的赵州桥”(该文选自作者后入载的初中语文课本第三册)。茅老以非常科学、准确的语言分析了赵州桥的几个特点，阐述了赵州桥的科学价值、历史价值、艺术价值以及它在世界桥梁建筑史上的突出贡献和重要地位。这些接下来还要为大家做详细讲解。

请大家随我一同来欣赏影壁背面的汉白玉浮雕群。赵州桥建于隋朝，距今已有一千四百年的悠久历史，是现存于世界上最古老的一座石拱桥典范。在这一千多年间里，就流传着许许多多关于赵州桥的各种神话传说故事。其中最具代表性的，就是下面所描述的这段动人故事：相传赵州桥是由鲁班爷在一个晚上造成的，真乃一夜成桥，惊动天下。就连仙境里的神仙也闻名而至，张果老身骑着小毛驴，柴王爷手推独轮车，他们要考验赵州桥的承载能力，走到了大桥中央，只见张果老手中拂尘一摆，接来日月星辰，柴王爷运用法术，拘来五岳名山。刹那间，只见毛驴奋力扬蹄，落地踏然有声;柴王爷猛力推车，车声隆隆。赵州桥在超常负荷下，被压得摇摇欲坠。就在这千钧一发之刻，只见鲁班纵身跃入桥下，单手向上一举，就稳稳地托住了大桥。神仙顺利过桥后，神仙顺利过桥后，赵州桥依旧安然无恙。而在桥面上从此也就清晰地留下了驴蹄子印、车辙印和膝盖印等几处仙迹，也因此而留下了河北民歌《小放牛》的一段千古绝唱：“赵州桥来鲁班爷修，玉石栏杆圣人留，张果老骑驴桥上走，柴五爷推车轧了一道沟。”这个美丽的传说故事表达了老百姓对赵州桥的赞颂和对建桥者的崇拜。桥面上这些仙迹至今历历在目，下面就请大家随我一路去找一找、看一看。

现在我们所走的这条路叫“八仙大道”，两旁矗立着的八仙塑像用青石雕刻，外表涂黑。一眼望去，不免觉得增加了几分神秘色彩。“八仙”的故事在我国流传很广，尤其是“八仙过海”一节，称得上家喻户晓，人人皆知。传说王母娘娘当年在瑶池设宴，款待八仙。众八仙开怀畅饮，喝得酩酊大醉。谢过王母后，来到东海之上，乘着酒兴，各自卖弄本事。只见铁拐李以铁拐投入水中，自立其上，逐浪而渡。接着，汉钟离以拂尘，张果老用纸驴，吕洞宾以洞箫，韩湘子用花蓝，何仙姑用竹罩，蓝采和用拍板，曹国舅用玉片分别投入水中乘风而渡。东海龙王之子见宝后起了贪心，抢了蓝采和的拍板，并将他掳入海中。另外七仙大怒，斩了龙王大太子，伤了龙王二太子。而后四海龙王齐来参战，并请了天兵天将助阵，双方打得不亦乐乎。最后，经太上老君、如来佛祖，观音菩萨三位的调解说和，才算了结之事。团结才是力量!并留下了“八仙过海、各显神通”这句成语，显示了八仙的超群本领和团结致胜的精神。

实际上，我们目前脚下所踏的这条道路在历史上就有，过去老百姓一直把它叫做“皇道”。在隋朝时经由赵州桥的这条南北大通道，向南可直达东都洛阳，向北则贯穿涿郡，通入现在的北京，所以说这条道路就相当于现在的107国道。想当年，乾隆皇帝下江南时，三次所走的陆路，都是从赵州桥上经过而南下的。到了1920__年，八国联军攻打北京时，慈禧太后和光绪皇帝逃到了西安，后来在回京的时候，也是从赵州桥上路过。一直到1984年建公园以前，赵州桥仍作为一个正常的交通运输桥梁发挥着作用。所以说，赵州桥不但保持了一千多年，而且一直使用了一千多年，这在全世界都是非常罕见的。因此，赵州桥的设计建造者——李春，就尤其引起了世人的尊重和敬仰。大家请随我右手观看，那里矗立着的那尊硅青铜塑像，就是赵州桥的设计建造者——李春(该铜像由中央美术学院绍武教授设计督造)。可惜的是，历史上有关李春的记载很少，但有一句却是非常确凿有力的，即唐玄宗开元年间的中书令张嘉贞曾在《唐文粹》一书中写道：“赵郡洨河石桥，隋匠李春之迹也。”一锤定音地指明了赵州桥的建造者是谁。请大家仔细看看这位杰出的建筑设计师形象：目光深遂，显示出超群的智慧;脚踏磐石，体现了实干家的精神。整体造型神态庄重，宏大深远，令人肃然起敬。

请大家向这边看，展现在我们眼前的就是举世闻名的中国赵州桥。它是首批公布的国家级重点文物保护单位，也是省级爱国主义教育基地，已列入世界遗产后备名录，并且是世界上第12处国际土木工程历史古迹。下面先请大家看这块铜牌的标志牌，它也是赵州桥在国际上占有重要地位的标志之一。下面的落款为“美国土木工程师学会敬立”。该学会是代行国际性土木工程的权威组织，它一直在全世界范围内精选历史土木工程上的杰作载入史册，并颁发铜制纪念牌作纪念。我们现在看到的这块牌子是复制品，原件已经珍藏入库。1991年9月4日下午，在Welcomethe American Guests With openarms!(热烈欢迎美国贵宾之意)的欢迎标语下和仪仗队的鼓乐声中,该学会名誉主席本·格威克教授一行三人亲临现场,进行了颁发仪式,(当时红底白字会标上的中英文写的是:国际土木工程历史古迹纪念碑揭幕仪式,即:UNVEILINGCEREMONY OF INTERNATIONAL HISTORIC CIVIL ENGINEERINGLANDMARK)国际上与之并列的还有法国的埃菲尔铁塔、埃及的金字塔、以及英国伦敦的苏伊士运河等。当时我国申报的几处工程还有都江堰、长城等，但惟有赵州桥一处当选，成为当时世界上第十二块国际土木工程历史古迹纪念铜牌，也是中国唯一的一块。(镶铜牌所用的石头选自嶂石岩)

下面请大家随我一同到桥面上去走一走、看一看，当地老百姓都把赵州桥叫做“神桥”，传说只要一走上它，就能感应到上天和神的灵验，一切都会吉祥如意。不知大家漫步在这座千年古桥之上，会有何感而发?桥面的宽度是9米，在当今基本上相当于国家二级公路标准。当年桥上也是人来人往，车水马龙;桥下百舸争流，千帆竞渡，一派繁华景象，滚滚东流的洨河水，带着百姓的欢声笑语，汇入大海。请看，这就是周世宗柴荣——柴王爷推车轧的那道沟，那儿还有张果老骑驴桥上走留下的两个驴蹄子印。宋朝有诗赞曰：“隋人选石驾虹桥，天下闻名岁月遥。仙子骑驴何处去，至今足迹尚昭昭”。可见这个典故在宋朝时就广为流传，但这些仙迹到底是怎么回事?至今也无人能说得十分明白，成为一个千古不解之谜，为赵州桥增添了一份神秘与梦幻般的彩色。

请大家看看南桥头下的这块汉白玉文物标志牌，“安济桥”是赵州桥的正名，也寿名。它是北宋时哲宗皇帝赵煦北巡时，途经这里所赐的名称，所以赵州桥的正名叫安济桥。“大石桥”是当地老百姓对赵州桥的俗称，算是它的小名吧，故该桥所处的村落亦称“大石桥村”。下面请大家到桥下，在这里可以仔细观赏到赵州桥的神韵，感受到赵州桥的宏伟与博大。赵州桥单孔跨度为37.02米，在世界上当时占第一位，在石拱桥的单孔跨度上达到了极限。所以说赵州桥是世界上现存年代最久、单孔跨度最大、保存最完整的一座坦拱敞肩式石拱桥，并被世人公认为“天下第一桥”。那么，我要问一问大家：为什么世界上许多的古代建筑大都塌毁损坏了，而惟独赵州桥历经千年风雨沧桑，巍然屹立呢?

首先要归功于赵州桥独特的建造方法。请大家注意看桥拱的背面，我们可以发现，顺着桥的纵向延伸方向，是一道又一道的拱圈，就像我们人的手指一样并在一起，这叫做纵向并列砌筑法。20世纪30年代(1933年11月)我国杰出的建筑学专家梁思成先生(梁启超之子)曾到赵州桥进行过实地考察，当他看到这种造桥方法时说“出我意料”。因为从古至今，人们大都采用横向并列法建造桥拱，李春为什么会采用纵向法造桥呢?这是因为纵向造桥，可以化整为零，节省人力、物力。先由一道拱圈砌起，砌完后这道拱圈就可独立站稳，依次再砌下一道，直至全部完工。并且由于每道拱圈独立，所以假如有一道拱圈发生损坏时，对其他拱圈和整体桥身没有直接影响，便于单独对它进行维修。就是说这种造桥法，当初建造时节就方便实用，今后维修时也很方便。为了加强石料之间的横向联系，古代匠师们还创造性地采用了腰铁、勾石、铁拉杆、收分等一系列科学措施和技术，起到了现代钢筋、水泥、粘合剂之类相同的作用，使整个桥体结构浑然一体，稳定牢固。千百年来，赵州桥受住了十多次规模较大的地震和洪水的严峻考验。特别值得一提的是，1963年3月，邢台发生了7.2级大地震，当时震中距离赵州桥还不到40公里，而赵州桥却安然无恙。同时，在1963年和1996年8月的特大洪水冲击下，赵州桥又多次向当今验证了古人关于敞肩拱溢洪作用设计的远见卓识。

也许有朋友要问：“赵州桥为什行能有如此牢固的抗震力呢?”这就要从它的下部基础说起了，千百年来，关于赵州桥的基础如何一直是个谜，并存有种.种假设性的疑说。1979年，中国社会科学院自然学史研究小组对赵州桥桥台基础进行了钻探勘察，其发现结果令人大吃一惊。赵州桥桥台之短，地基之浅，出人意料。桥台仅由五层排石垒成，高1.549米，长约5米，桥台面积约为100平方米。桥台下的土质由第四纪冲积层的亚粘土和轻亚土构成，和我们脚下的土质没什么两样，除此这外，没有丝毫的人工夯筑基础。概括化验分析，这种土层稳定性强，土质均匀，基本承载力为34吨/平方米，并且粘土层压缩性小，地震时不会产生砂土液化，属良好天然地基。由于科学利用了土壤结构，进行了合理设计，所以桥基两侧受力均衡，遇震时能克服不均匀沉降，因此地震和洪灾奈何不了赵州桥。在这样的天然地基和这样小的桥台上，却能建造出这样大跨度的石拱桥，这在中外建桥史上确是十分罕见的。

听到这里，朋友们也许明白了赵州桥千年不坠的两个重要原因，就是赵州桥独特的建造方法和对天然地基的科学测算和利用。然而，赵州桥千年不坠的最重要原因当是李春划时代的创举——即敞肩圆弧拱式桥型就是指以赵州桥为代表首创的这种桥型，即在中央主拱两侧的桥肩上分别挖开了两两对称的四个拱，做成“空撞券”，这就是敞肩拱结构，国际上称作Openspandrel(即空腹式，或称空腔式)。它到底有什么优越性呢?首先是加大了渲泄量，四个小拱可增大过水面积达16.5%，减轻了对桥的水平冲击力，增强了保护桥身的作用，历次对洪水抗击的实践均证明了这一点;另外，空撞券的建筑形式敞开了肩部，又节省了石料，不但大大节省了人力物力，更重要的是减轻了桥身自重，分散了桥身对桥台地基的垂直压力，所以赵州桥的桥台才可以造得那么轻巧实用，并且能直接座落在天然地基之上;再看李春的这种设计，并在敞肩的四个小拱拱石外围，还铺设了一层16—30mm的拱顶薄填石，恰好符合了材料力学弹性拱的原理。大家知道，弹性拱原理是十九世纪才形成于文字的理论，在世界上只有不到二百年的历史，但在一千四百年之前，中国的李春已经成功地将这一原理运用到实践中去了，这不能不说是一个世界奇迹。通俗地讲，运用材料力学的弹性拱原理造桥，这种结构就可以将受力点的力分散到桥的每一个横截面上，赵州桥之所以千年不坠，正是缘于李春这种敞肩拱式桥型设计的高度科学性和合理性，也是赵州桥学派在世界桥梁建筑史上最重要的贡献，我们完全可以说，是赵州桥首开了敞肩拱式桥型的先河。而西方第一次出现这种桥型是在1883年，当时法国在亚哥河上建造了安顿尼特铁路石拱桥(PontAntionnette sur lagout),还有卢森堡建造的大石桥(Pont deLuxembourg)等，但它们至少已经比赵州桥晚了一千二百多年。难怪英国的李约瑟博士总结说：“李春以及他所创造的敞肩式拱桥比欧洲同种类型桥的出现，确实优先达千年以上”。我国著名桥梁专家茅以升先生曾指出：“赵州桥是一座单孔石拱桥。中国石拱桥的出现虽早于隋代，但赵州桥却具有创新特点和重大技术成就。它以石块砌筑，弓形的拱圈拼法也有特殊，更为巧妙的是在主拱圈之上加设小拱，开创了‘敞肩’型式的结构设计。而一千多年来的使用实践证明，赵州桥传统，不但为中外石拱桥普遍继续，也为现代的钢筋混凝土拱桥所广泛应用，并出现了各种新的发展。”确实，敞肩拱的应用，不但使桥形变得更加优美，最重要的是它有节省材料、减轻自重、简化桥基、渲泄洪水的几个作用和功能，它的设计和建筑结构科学合理、稳定性强。千百年来，赵州桥的结构技巧、艺术风格被广泛的借鉴运用，对世界桥梁建筑有着不可磨灭的突出贡献，是当之无愧的桥梁之祖!

赵州桥——它是我国古代劳动人民留下的珍贵文化遗产，见证了中华民族的聪明智慧，也见证了世界文明古国历史文化的灿烂辉煌，同时还见证了整个人类的文明和力量。朋友们，面对赵州桥，我们能不为祖国和人民感到骄傲吗!多少年来，它一直受到全世界的尊重和称颂，今天，它更应该激励着我们去充分发挥自己的聪明才智，为建设伟大的祖国贡献自己的力量!

朋友们，我的讲解基本上就要结束了，赵州桥公园还设有陈列室和展览室(及碑林)，里面是和赵州桥有关的实物和图片展览等，如果大家还有时间、感想的话，不妨到那里去看一看，可以加深对赵州桥文化的进一步了解。另外，我们赵县的历史悠久、文物众多，除赵州桥并称“姊妹桥”的永通桥及大观圣作之碑(共四处国保)，以及重现生机的千年古刹柏林禅寺等迷人景点，也希望大家到那里一游，以尽余兴，我愿意再次为大家导游服务。

各位朋友如果对我的讲解有什么意见和建议，敬请指出，帮助我改进工作，我将很乐意倾听，因为我知道这是大家对我的关心和爱护。最后，我要说：“赵州桥横跨亚、非、拉，赵州桥也连结着你、我、他”。我们将再次欢迎朋友们的光临，祝大家一路顺风，收获一份好心情!谢谢大家，再见!

南沙北湖，湖润金沙，沙抱翠湖，湖水如海，柔沙似绸，天水一色。沙湖资源蕴藏量丰富，在洁净温凉的湖水里常年生长着几十种鱼，不仅有常见的鲤鱼、鲢鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼，而且有北方罕见的武昌鱼、体长160厘米体重60多斤重的娃娃鱼(大鲵)和体围1米多的大鳖。栖息在沙湖的鸟类也有130多种。此外还有游乐园、瞭望塔、水族宫、芦苇迷津、蒙古包旅馆、西夏行宫、大漠旱舟、水上滑梯、水上跳伞、水上摩托、滑沙索道、湖中荡舟、天然浴场等旅游项目。当年《大话西游之仙履奇缘》开头，紫霞撑木筏那段戏就是在这拍摄的。[1]

宁夏沙湖是大自然的杰作，湖光沙色，候鸟成群，芦丛如画，风光旖旎。这里即有沙漠，又有万亩平湖，是上苍的赐予，更是勤劳智慧的塞北人民惊天动地的艺术创造。这里曾是一座农场,建国后，经过无数建设者精心雕琢，才逐步变成集西北粗犷与江南秀美为一体的天然景点，其独特的旅游资源与优越的接待条件，成为国家旅游局确定的王牌景点和国家AAAAA级生态旅游区。

船儿犁开了波光粼粼的湖面，翻滚的浪花似划出的千顷良田，翠绿的芦苇，恰到好处地散布在湖面上，风儿吹过，枝叶婆娑，飒飒做响，马达声惊飞了一只停立在梢头的鸟儿，倏地不见了踪影，随着停息的马达声，呈现在眼前的是一个新的天地：沙漠、骆驼，人群。

宁夏沙湖景区荣誉：“世界环境保护五百家单位之一” 联合国授予“全球环保500佳”荣誉称号。

宁夏沙湖以江南水乡与大漠风光为一体，以自然景观为主体，沙、水、苇、鸟、山五大景源有机结合，构成了独特秀丽景观，成为集风景旅游、观光娱乐、体育竟技、疗养避暑、休闲度假为一体的风景名胜区.宁夏沙湖的美，美在沙水相融;宁夏沙湖的秀，秀在湖苇相映;宁夏沙湖的奇，奇在鸟飞鱼跃。南沙北湖，沙抱翠湖，即突出了江南之灵秀，又突出了塞上之雄浑，是原始生态旅游的最佳结合点。

湖水、沙漠、芦苇、荷花、侯鸟、湖鱼把塞外与江南美妙地、珠联璧合地融合了起来，构成了一幅美轮美奂的江山风光图。宁夏沙湖是上天造物的奇迹，是人间的天堂。

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in the middle and upper reaches ofthe Yellow River in Northwest China, between 35 ° 14 - 39 ° 23 n and 104 ° 17- 107 ° 39 E. It is adjacent to Shaanxi Province in the East, Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region in the West and North, and Gansu Province in the south, with atotal area of 66400 square kilometers. The terrain is long and narrow from northto south, high in the South and low in the north. From north to south, there areHelan Mountain, Ningxia plain and Liupan Mountain. Ningxia is 456 km from northto South and 250 km from east to west. Ningxia is located in the transition zonebetween the Loess Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau. In terms ofgeomorphological types, the loess landform eroded by flowing water is dominantin the south, and the arid denudation and wind erosion landform is dominant inthe middle and North. There are relatively high mountains and widely distributedhills, alluvial plain formed by fault subsidence and alluvial of the YellowRiver, platform and sand dunes. The surface morphology is complex and diverse.According to the statistical data in early 20__, hilly area accounts for 38%,plain area 26.8%, mountain area 15.8%, platform 17.6% and desert 1.8%. Theaverage altitude is 1090-20__m. Helan Mountain is the natural barrier of Ningxiaplain. The main peak, Aobao Geda, is 3556 meters above sea level. The YellowRiver passes through 12 cities and counties in the middle and North, with a flowof 397 km.

Ningxia is located in the inland, belongs to temperate continentalsemi-arid climate. It straddles the East Monsoon Region and the northwest aridregion, and the southwest is close to the Qinghai Tibet alpine region, which isroughly located in the intersection and transition zone of the three naturalregions in China. The annual average temperature is 5 ℃～ 9 ℃, and thetemperature difference between day and night is large. The annual precipitationis generally 200-600 mm. With 3000 hours of sunshine and 170 days of frost freeperiod, it is one of the areas with the most abundant sunshine and solarradiation in China.

Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. The latePaleolithic human activity site and unearthed cultural relics in Shuidonggou,Lingwu County, Ningxia Province show that human beings have been living andreproducing here as early as 30000 years ago.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, theworld-famous Great Wall began to be built in the territory. After the firstemperor of Qin unified China, he sent troops to settle down in Ningxia and beganthe history of diverting water from the Yellow River for irrigation. By the HanDynasty (206-220 BC), the farming economy here had been quite prosperous. In the14th year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (755), the "an Shi rebellion" brokeout. Prince Li Heng entered Ningxia and became emperor in Lingwu. At that time,Ningxia had become one of the important channels of East-West transportation andtrade in China. In the first year of Baoyuan (1038) of Northern Song Dynasty, LiYuanhao, the leader of Dangxiang nationality, established Daxia state withNingxia as the center, which was called Xixia in history, and its capital wasXingqing prefecture (now Yinchuan City). After Mongolia exterminated Xixia,Ningxia Fu Road was set up in the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287). NingxiaWei was set up in Ming Dynasty. Ningxia government was set up in Qing Dynasty.In the early years of the Republic of China, Ningxia government was changed toshuofangdao, and Ningxia Province was established in 1929. After the founding ofthe peoples Republic of China in 1949, Ningxia Province was abolished in 1954.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established on October 25, 1958.

Ningxia is rich in mineral resources with prominent advantages inagriculture, energy and tourism. There are 1.288 million hectares of cultivatedland in the region. Among them, more than 333000 hectares are irrigated. Thereare more than 660000 hectares of wasteland suitable for agriculture to bedeveloped, including 133000 hectares of wasteland for aquaculture, 56000hectares of wastewater and 3 million hectares of grassland. More than 50 kindsof mineral resources have been discovered, and the per capita potential value ofnatural resources is 163.5% of the national average value, ranking fifth in thecountry. In particular, non-metallic mineral resources are rich, mainly coal,gypsum, oil, natural gas and so on. Gypsum reserves rank first in China. Nearlyone third of the land in the region is rich in coal resources, with provenreserves of more than 30 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country. The provenreserves of Lingwu coalfield alone reach more than 27 billion tons, equivalentto the total proven reserves in Northeast China. Among the top ten coal types inChina, there are nine in Ningxia. Taixi Coal, the world famous high qualityanthracite, has an annual export volume of 1 million tons. The Shaanxi GansuNingxia basin natural gas field across Ningxia has proved reserves of more than200 billion cubic meters. It is a world-class large gas field.

The autonomous region has five prefecture level cities of Yinchuan,Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan and Zhongwei, six municipal districts of Xingqing,Jinfeng, Xixia, Dawukou, Huinong and Yuanzhou, two county-level cities of Lingwuand Qingtongxia, 11 counties of Yongning, Helan, Pingluo, Tongxin, Yanchi,Zhongning, Haiyuan, Jingyuan, Xiji, Longde and Pengyang, and HongsibaoDevelopment Zone (county-level immigration Development Zone), with Yinchuan asits capital.

Ningxia has 35 ethnic groups, including Hui and Han, with a totalpopulation of 6.0373 million at the end of 20__, including 3.7742 million Hanand 2.0649 million Hui. Ningxia is the largest Hui inhabited area in China. Huipeople believe in Islam.

The Hui nationality in China was formed in the Yuan Dynasty. The origin ofthe Hui nationality can be traced back to the middle of the seventh century,when Arab and Persian merchants came to China to do business and stay. In theYuan Dynasty, a large number of Central Asian, Persian and Arab came to China.Due to intermarriage and socio-economic relations, they formed Hui nationalityin the process of long-term relationship with Han, Uygur, Mongolian and othernationalities. As early as the Song Dynasty, there were Persians who believed inIslam and settled down in Ningxia. In the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of ArabMuslims from Central Asia, together with the Mongols, moved to Ningxia tocultivate and defend the frontier. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginningof Ming Dynasty, the Hui nationality gradually formed, and Ningxia Huinationality entered a relatively stable development period.

Hui peoples living in Ningxia can be traced back to the end of TangDynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia period, most of the Muslims fromthe east came to the Central Plains from Yumen and Jiuquan via Xixia. By theYuan Dynasty, a large number of Arabs, Persians and Central Asians wererecruited or migrated to live in the form of semi military and semi nomadic. Inthe early Ming Dynasty, a large number of Hui people were placed in Lingzhou(now Lingwu City) and Guyuan counties as "attached to Tuda". In addition, theHui people who constantly migrated to Ningxia for development and reclamationformed many Hui settlements. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the QingDynasty, the population of Hui nationality in Ningxia increased dramatically.During the Tongzhi period (1862-1874), the anti Qing uprising of the NorthwestHui people was brutally suppressed, and the volunteers and their families weremoved to remote areas. Some of them migrated to Lingzhou, Huaping (now JingyuanCounty of Ningxia), Longde, Haiyuan and other counties.

As the main ethnic group in Ningxia Hui people believe in Islam. In NingxiaHui inhabited areas, there are more than 3000 mosques with differentarchitectural forms and scales, and about 4000 imams. The Muslim people of Huinationality generally believe in five "lessons", namely: recitation, ceremony,fasting, lesson and pilgrimage. There are three traditional festivals of the Huipeople: Eid al Fitr, guerbang (also known as Eid al AdhA) and Shengji Festival.The autonomous region, cities and counties have established religious socialorganizations at all levels, namely Islamic Associations, to manage their ownreligious life. The autonomous region has set up Ningxia Islamic school inYinchuan city and Tongxin Arabic school in Tongxin County, helping the Muslimpeople to cultivate a large number of talents with religious knowledge. Inaddition to Islam, there are mass beliefs, Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianityand Taoism in Ningxia. The peoples Government of the autonomous region treatsall kinds of religions equally, protects the normal religious activities of themasses, and all kinds of religious people live in harmony for a long time inNingxia.

Ningxia Hui people have formed unique customs in clothing, diet, dailyhygiene, marriage, funeral and so on. Hui men like to wear small white caps andblack waistcoats. Hui women also like to wear headsets, gold and silverearrings, rings and bracelets. Hui people pay special attention to hygiene,clean and tidy indoor and outdoor, clean stove. Usually wash hands and face withsoup bottle, bath with hanging pot.

Hui people like to eat the meat of cattle, sheep, camels and otherruminants, but also eat chicken, duck, goose and fish. They dont eat pork,animal blood and dead livestock. Animals eaten by devout believers must beslaughtered by imams. Hui people generally dont smoke or drink. Men, women andchildren all like to drink "Babao" cup tea with nutritional condiments such asrock sugar, tea, medlar, walnut kernel, sesame, longan, jujube and preservedfruit. During the festive Festival, the Hui people mostly make fried food suchas fragrant oil, Sanzi and Yaguo. When there are distinguished guests, they willbe warmly received by the rich "Quanyang banquet" and various Hui snacks. Inmarriage, monogamy is practiced. The wedding ceremony of Hui nationality is verygrand and has many religious and ethnic characteristics. For example, when awedding is held, the Imam should be asked to read "nikaha", that is, to testifyand congratulate with Arabic scriptures. The funeral of the Hui nationality issimple and easy, with the practice of earth burial and thin burial. The funeralincludes four procedures: cleaning the burial body, wrapping the body with whitecloth, holding religious prayer ceremony under the direction of Imam, andentering the burial.

Mosque, also known as the mosque. Arabic is "mesgid", which means the placeto kowtow. It is not only a place for Islamic believers to worship, but also acenter of culture and education and a center of social activities in someplaces. The establishment of mosques in Ningxia started from Yuan Dynasty, andthe number and scale of mosques have developed considerably in Ming and QingDynasties. Gongbei is the mausoleum of an outstanding figure in a certain regionof Islam. Daotang is a place where religious leaders of a certain branch ofIslam worship, chant scriptures, give lectures and live. Islamic architecture inNingxia reflects the process of combining Islamic culture with Chinesetraditional culture, and has distinctive local cultural characteristics andnational personality.

动物是人类的好朋友所以我们要爱护保护它们。大家想了那么长时间小脑袋一定累了，所以呢我们可以稍做休息，欣赏一下沿途的风景。

OK好，我们的目的地已经到达了，大家把自己的东西拿好，有秩序的下车，顺便看一下自己座位周围有没有垃圾，大家可以带下车，扔到垃圾桶里。大家排好了，不要走散了，现在呢我们已经进入上海野生动物园了。

那么我现在来给你们介绍一下今天的景点。

上海野生动物园位于浦东南汇区南六公路，公园内汇集着世界各地二百余种具有代表性的动物。游客游园时，分为车入区和步入区两大参观区。

我们现在进入的是车入区，在这个区域呢，我希望大家一定要听从工作人员的指挥，不要随随便便离开我们这个群体，否则里面的动物可能会对我们的生命造成点危险哦。在这里我们可以看到陆地上最大的哺乳动物……大象、世界上跑的最快的动物……猎豹他的速度达到110多公里、还有兽中之王非洲狮等等，大家可以尽情观赏它那王者的风范。

骆驼有两种，有一个驼峰的单峰骆驼和两个驼峰的双峰骆驼。单峰骆驼比较高大，在沙漠中能走能跑，可以运货，也能驮人。双峰骆驼四肢粗短，更适合在沙砾和雪地上行走。骆驼和其他动物不一样，特别耐饥耐渴。人们能骑着骆驼横穿沙漠，所以骆驼有着“沙漠之舟”的美称。骆驼的驼峰里贮存着脂肪，这些脂肪在骆驼得不到食物的时候，能够分解成骆驼身体所需要的养分，供骆驼生存需要。骆驼能够连续四五天不进食，就是靠驼峰里的脂肪。另外，骆驼的胃里有许多瓶子形状的小泡泡，那是骆驼贮存水的地方，这些“瓶子”里的水使骆驼即使几天不喝水，也不会有生命危险。

骆驼的耳朵里有毛，能阻挡风沙进入;骆驼有双重眼睑和浓密的长睫毛，可防止风沙进入眼睛;骆驼的鼻翼还能自由关闭。这些“装备”使骆驼一点也不怕风沙。沙地软软的，人脚踩上去很容易陷入，而骆驼的脚掌扁平，脚下有又厚又软的肉垫子，这样的脚掌使骆驼在沙地上行走自如，不会陷入沙中。象，是世界最大的陆栖动物，主要外部特征为柔韧而肌肉发达的长鼻,具缠卷的功能,是象自卫和取食的有力工具。亚洲象和非洲象。

非洲象耳大，体型较大，亚洲象耳小，身体较小，体重较轻。

北京旅游导游词范文

北京是首批国家历史文化名城和世界上拥有世界文化遗产数最多的城市。下面第一范文网小编带你来了解一下北京旅游导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助!

北京旅游导游词范文

亲爱的游客们，这天由我来当大家的导游，我感到十分荣幸。期望在这完美的一天给大家带来快乐。

游客们，此刻我们来到的是长廊，你看它多美呀!红漆的栏杆，绿漆的柱子一眼望不到头，这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。说到这儿，你有点不信了吧，但是这的确是真的，这能表现出多少劳动人民的智慧才修建成这美丽的长廊。

走完长廊，如果大家想到昆明湖中心的小岛上玩，就务必透过一座石桥。这座石桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥;桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。

颐和园的旅程就到那里了，亲爱的游客们，再见。

北京导游词怎么写

大家好欢迎来到世界遗产长城，我是钟鑫雨大家能够叫我小钟。长城是世界的遗产，它无比的长，像一条长龙盘旋在山腰，长城是古代劳动人民建筑的，只要想到有很多人死在那里，情绪就无比的沉重。

那是没有举重机等一切有用的工具，机器，只靠无数双手无数肩膀，不怕严寒酷暑，付出多少人民的鲜血才凝结成这前不见头后不见尾的万里长城。所以请游客们保护好我们的万里长城。小朋友们请紧跟着大家走，以免走丢，也不要在洁白的墙砖上乱涂乱画，这是对古代劳动人民的不尊重。

长城有很多的景点，说也说不完看也看不够。此刻请大家尽情的去欣赏长城的美景吧!也请大家在游玩的时候不要乱丢果皮纸屑等一切垃圾，否则我们美丽的长城就变成垃圾厂了，如果乱丢果皮，别人踩到就会滑倒，为了游客们的安全问题，请不要到危险的地方去玩耍拍照。长城的美景等待着你们，快去参观吧!下午三点在那里集合，祝大家玩的愉快!

北京颐和园导游词

大家好，我是北京国际导游公司的一名导游。我叫关秉政，这天是我和大家一齐来颐和园来旅游的。我们此刻来到了远近闻名的长廊。这条长廊全长七百多米。分成二百七十三间，这二百七十三间的门槛上都有一幅美丽的画，没有那几副上是相同的。

走完长廊我们又来到万寿山脚下，大家看一下山腰上，它上面有一座八角形房顶，房顶上铺着琉璃瓦，那便是佛香阁。佛香阁周围有一座宫殿，那就是排云殿。

此刻大家随我来到了万寿山的山顶，大家往前看，那边的一个湖便是昆明湖。昆明湖上游一座桥，那桥上有十七个孔，又叫十七孔桥。那边是月波楼，有人为他写了一副对联：一径竹阴云满地，半帘花影月笼纱。

好了，这天我们的旅游结束了，祝您情绪愉快。

Je suis venu à Shanghai en octobre.Une ville moderne construite dans unjardin peut être décrite comme Shanghai; Shanghai ma donné limpression dêtrebelle, à la mode et brillante. Bien s?r, les plus belles vues de Shanghai sontles vues nocturnes du Bund.

Lorsque la nuit tomba, les lumières des gratte - ciel de différentes formessilluminaient. Les néons clignotants sur les toits du b?timent Jinmao et duGrand H?tel Shangri La ressemblaient à la Couronne de la reine. Les lumièresséteignaient et le beau Bund semblait charmant.Ja i vu la vue nocturne deChongqing, une ville montagneuse. Les montagnes sont reliées les unes auxautres, et les points sont liés au ciel, mais la vue nocturne du Bund est encoreplus fascinante.Les navires qui naviguaient sur la rivière Huangpu étaienthabillés de néons, comme des palais et des dragons. Chaque navire avait desformes différentes et des milliers de changements. La rivière Huangpu estdevenue un ruban fluide, et les deux c?tés de la rivière étaient hauts et Bas,et divers b?timents hauts et bas comme des diamants incrustés dans le ruban.Leplus éblouissant de ces diamants est la tour de télévision orientale Pearl, quiest en forme de c?ne et se compose de sphères supérieures et inférieuressoutenues par un cadre en perle orientale de la nuit estparticulièrement visible, deux grandes lumières sphériques scintillent et seconfondent, changeant constamment de couleur, très belle.Le vent du soir sesthabitué à marcher sur le Bund et à profiter de cette belle vue nocturne.

Shanghai est le paradis du bonheur, Shanghai est laile de la mode,Shanghai est lendroit où voler le rêve.Expérimentez un go?t différent dansdifférentes villes. La vue nocturne sur le Bund de Shanghai ma fait me demanderquel mot utiliser pour décrire. En bref, la vue nocturne sur le Bund de Shanghaiest trop belle.

枫泾镇成市于宋，元朝至元十二年（1275年）正式建镇，是一个已有一千五百多年历史的文明古镇，地跨吴越两界。枫泾镇为典型的江南水乡集镇，周围水网遍布，区内河道纵横，素有“三步两座桥，一望十条港”之称，镇区多小圩，形似荷叶；境内林木荫翳，庐舍鳞次，清流急湍，且遍植荷花，清雅秀美，故又称“清风泾”，“枫溪”，别号“芙蓉镇”，20xx年9月入选第二批中国历史文化名镇名单。

元末明初时与浙江的南浔、王江泾、江苏的盛泽合称为江南四大名镇。

明宣德五年（1430年）起，枫泾镇就南北分治，以镇中界河为界，南属浙江嘉兴，北属江苏松江。

1951年3月，全镇才统属松江县管辖。1966年10月起，划归上海金山县（现金山区）管辖。

枫泾古镇区建筑多为明、清风格，均具传统江南粉墙黛瓦的特色，房屋以两层砖木结构为主，前后进房之间有厢房和天井，大宅深院有穿堂、仪门及厅堂等，前后楼之间有走道相连，称走马堂楼。屋面多为观音兜和五山屏风墙。庙宇建筑多为宫殿式。古民居建筑群总面积达48750平方米，其中9处已列为上海市第一批不可移动文物。

古镇水网遍布，镇区内河道纵横，桥梁众多，素有“三步两座桥，一望十条港”之称。沿河古街绿树成荫，古镇水巷幽静；39座古石桥横跨河上，其中元代建1座，明代建11座，清代建21座。

明代建的瑞虹桥，坐落于虹桥河口，清康熙初在此发生过被称为“中国最早的工人罢工运动”的“虹桥血案”，北京中国历史博物馆有该事迹的记载及陈列，并于康熙二十二年（1683年）在圣堂内为此立了案碑。

枫泾是蜚声中外的金山农民画的发源地。枫泾人民热爱生活，蓝印花布、家具雕刻、灶壁画、花灯、剪纸、绣花、编织等民间艺术源远流长。浓郁的民间文化艺术，孕育了金山农民画。以枫泾农民画家为主的金山农民创作出了乡土气息浓郁、艺术风格独特的金山农民画，在海内外产生了广泛的影响。镇内的画馆名画家祖居也多，和平街上程十发祖居已经修复开放。北大街的丁聪漫画陈列馆设在二层中西式建筑内，楼前一棵古银杏，一丛大芭。馆内陈列了丁聪生平和一百多幅漫画，幽默地画画常让人驻足流连。南大街圣堂弄的金山农民画展示中心就在清代状元蔡以台的读书楼内，尽得清雅，一副副画面却透露出浓郁的乡土气息。农民画与丁聪的漫画、程十发的国画和顾水如的围棋，这些在国内外都具有相当地影响的“三画一棋”，集中于枫泾一镇，是国内罕见的一种地域文化现象。

20xx年5月，在金山农民画发源地枫泾中洪村，政府辟地80亩，建设“中国农民画村”。20xx年年初，中洪村被评为首批“中国特色村”，被中央电视台评为“20xx年度中国十大魅力乡村”。枫泾地区已有5万多幅作品远销国外，30多人次在国内外画展中获奖，被誉为“世界艺术珍品”。20xx年9月16日，被国家建设部、文物局命名为“中国历史文化名镇”。

提起兰州的桥，人们首先会想到那座令兰州人骄傲自豪的桥，它就是号称“黄河天下第一桥”的中山桥。

中山桥位于兰州市金城关，横跨黄河，毗邻白塔。中山桥始建于清光绪年间，1920xx年2月开工，1920xx年6月竣工。它是由美国人设计，德国人承建而成的，建桥花费白银306600余两。中山桥长233。5米，宽8。36米，是黄河上第一座公路桥，所以有黄河天下第一桥之称。后来为纪念民主革命先驱孙中山先生，该桥于1942年改名为“中山桥”。中山桥是全钢构造的五拱桥，造型美观大方，气势磅礴，北面有郁郁葱葱、高高耸立的白塔山，南面高楼大厦拔地而起，桥下滔滔黄河水日夜不休地奔流而过。

夜晚的中山桥是黄河岸边最美的一景了，璀璨的花灯给中山桥平添了一份雍容华贵，远远望去，中山桥就像一条威猛的金色巨龙横卧在黄河之上。临河观看，中山桥与水中倒影交相辉映，花灯闪烁，真是美轮美奂!

经过一百多年的风风雨雨，中山桥已经完成了它的历史使命，不能再承受更多的压力，现在的中山桥已经改为步行桥，人们在桥上拍照、休闲、娱乐……中山桥因为它的百年历史和独特造型成为兰州的标志性建筑，成为值得兰州人自豪的名片。

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello! Welcome to Chengde summer resort. Located in the north of ChengdeCity, the summer resort is an existing classical Royal Garden in China.

The summer resort is a symbol of the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong in QingDynasty. As the founders of the villa, Kangxi and Qianlong visited the south ofthe Yangtze River for six times, traversing the beauty of the scenery in theworld. In the construction of the summer resort, the advantages of many familieswere learned, and the style of Chinese north and south gardens was integrated,so that the summer resort became the summary and sublimation of Chineseclassical garden art. Chinese garden experts say that the whole summer resort isthe epitome of the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland. Why doexperts say that? I think ladies and gentlemen will answer this question aftervisiting the summer resort. However, I would like to remind you that the reasonis related to the topography of the summer resort. (the tour guide adoptssuspense method to stimulate tourists interest in sightseeing)

Ladies and gentlemen, the summer resort is here. Please get out of the car.Now Ill show you her style.

(outside Lizheng gate)

Ladies and gentlemen, the antique door in front of us is the main door ofthe summer resort, which is called the Li main door. It is the entrance of theQing emperor. The palace gate is three rooms wide, with two floors up and down.There are three square door openings in the lower layer, and a city platform anda que tower in the upper layer. You see, there is a stone plaque on the top ofthe middle door. On it is the "Lizhengmen" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong inManchu, Tibetan, Han, Uygur and Mongolian. It symbolizes that our motherland isa unified multi-ethnic country.

There are two stone lions on both sides of the door to show the majesty ofthe emperor. There is Yudao square in front of the gate. The road is paved withblue stones. There are stone tablets in the East and west of the square, onwhich are engraved in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese characters:"officials wait to dismount here", so we call it dismount tablet. There is a redscreen wall to the south of the square, separating the Royal Garden from theoutside world. It is said that there is a golden rooster flying from Jiguanmountain in Hongzhaobi. In the dead of night, if you tap Zhaobi, the GoldenRooster will chirp. If you want to make a textual research, please come here atnight to listen. OK! Today, I invite you to be the "emperor" and go in and feelthe life of the emperor.

(inside the main entrance of Li)

Please look to the right. On the mountain in the distance, there is a hugestone pillar standing up from the sky, straight into the clouds. It is thick onthe top and thin on the bottom, which is very similar to the hammer used forwashing clothes. We Chengde people call it Bangchui mountain, and Emperor Kangxinamed it "qingchufeng". During the construction of the summer resort, this sceneis skillfully used to integrate the inside and outside of the resort, expand thesense of space, and create a new artistic conception. This is a successfulexample for the designer of the resort to use the garden art of "borrowingscenery". People who come to Chengde usually go to the mountain to touchBangchui mountain, because there is a popular saying in Chengde: "if you touchBangchui mountain, you can live one hundred and three years." If you areinterested, you may as well go up the mountain tomorrow to have a touch. It mustbe very interesting.

The palace in front is the place where the Qing emperor "worked and lived"in Chengde. Now Chengde people call it the summer resort Museum.

(in the exhibition room)

The first picture that comes to our eyes is the complete picture of thesummer resort, which is the full picture of the peak period of the Qing Dynasty.Summer resort, also known as "Rehe Palace", "Chengde Palace". It startedconstruction in 1703, the 42nd year of Emperor Kangxi, and was completed in1792, the 57th year of Emperor Qianlong. In the early and middle Qing Dynasty,several emperors came here almost every year to spend the summer and deal withgovernment affairs, usually in April and may of the lunar calendar, and returnedto Beijing in September and October. In fact, the summer resort has become thesecond political center of the Qing Dynasty. The whole villa covers an area of5.64 million square meters, which is about twice the size of the summer palacein Beijing and eight times the size of Beihai. The villa can be divided intopalace area and garden scenic area. The palace area is composed of four groupsof buildings: the main palace, songhezhai, Wanhe SONGFENG and Donggong. Gardenscenic area is divided into mountain area, Lake area and plain area. Themountain area is wide, accounting for more than 70% of the total area of thevilla. The villa is the essence of the national garden, with the characteristicsof Nan Xiu Bei Xia. There are 90 pavilions, 29 dykes and bridges, 25inscriptions on cliffs, more than 70 groups of rockeries and stones, more than120 groups of buildings such as temples, halls, temples, pavilions, towers andpavilions, with a total construction area of more than 100000 square meters.

The 36 scenes named after four words by Emperor Kangxi and the 36 scenesnamed after three words by Emperor Qianlong are known as "72 scenes of summerresort". Emperor Kangxi praised it as "the north pole with its own mountains andrivers, and the natural scenery is better than the West Lake." The palace wallof the villa is about 10 kilometers long. Because it looks like the Great Wall,we Chengde people affectionately call it "little Great Wall". Outside the palacewalls are the Royal temples built in imitation of the famous temples of allethnic groups in China. These temples are semicircular around the periphery ofthe villa, forming the trend of the stars and the moon, symbolizing that allethnic groups in the country were closely around the ruling center of the QingDynasty at that time. With the passage of time and the change of dynasties, thesummer resort has gone through many vicissitudes. After the founding of newChina, the villa has been reborn. Now it is a well preserved and large-scaleRoyal Garden in China, a world cultural heritage and a famous tourist attractionat home and abroad.

(coming to the second exhibition room)

Most of the pictures on display here are pictures. This picture of autumnMulan is eye-catching. Mulan, which means sentinel deer in Manchu. The way towhistle deer is that before dawn, soldiers sneak into the mountain forest,wearing deerskin and antlers, whistling at the mouth to imitate the call of amale deer. Autumn is the season for deer to mate and group. In this way, thefemale deer can be drawn out for shooting. "Means hunting in autumn. Thispicture is painted by Xinglong a in Qing Dynasty. It depicts the hunting sceneof the emperor more than 200 years ago. You may wonder why the emperor of theQing Dynasty led a large group of people to hunt here for thousands of miles.Because after the emperor of the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, the fightingcapacity of the Eight Banners who were brave and good at fighting in historybegan to decline. Some of them fled, some wounded themselves, sometimes oneperson was injured, and many people escorted them, in order not to go to thefront line. Emperor Kangxi realized that it was urgent to improve the quality ofsoldiers and consolidate the northern frontier. In this situation, EmperorKangxi personally led the Eight Banners out of xifengkou and went north toinspect, and set up a Mulan paddock for the purpose of practicing martial artsin Suiyuan.

The establishment of Mulan paddock was the product of the friendlyrelationship between the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and TibetanNationalities. It closed the relationship between the Mongolian and Tibetanareas and the Central Plains, strengthened the exchanges among the Manchu,Mongolian, Tibetan and Han nationalities, consolidated the northern borderdefense, and was conducive to resisting the invasion and expansion of tsaristRussia. The annual hunting lasted about 20 days each time. The emperorpersonally led officials of various government departments and eight banners ofManchu and Mongolian to participate. In order to meet the needs of a largenumber of people, accommodation, rest, savings and the emperors handling ofgovernment affairs, more than ten palaces were built from Beijing to thepaddock. Rehe is located in the middle of this northern patrol route. FromBeijing to here, the memorial ceremony is coming day and night. Moreover, theclimate here is pleasant, the scenery is beautiful, and the water and grass areabundant. So Kangxi decided to build a large palace here, which is Rehe palace.In this regard, Qianlong had a very clear saying: "our emperor built this villaoutside the Great Wall, not for his own travel in Henan, but for theconstruction of the world.".

History shows that the establishment of the autumn festival and the summerresort achieved the Emperor Kangxis political goal of "combining the internaland external heart and forming a solid career". Now lets look at this pictureagain. It can be divided into two parts: the imperial camp and the huntingground. The imperial camp was the place where the emperor lived and dealt withthe government affairs, and the hunting ground was the place where he actuallyhunted. When hunting, there was strict organization and discipline. After thesoldiers disguised as deer led the deer out, the sergeants gradually reduced theencirclement to the level of people side by side and horses with ears, but theycould not shoot at will. At this time, the emperor first came out to shootarrows, and then the princes, ministers and soldiers shot in turn. The pictureshows a deer hunting scene. Please follow me.

This second gate is called "Yue shoot", which is the place where theemperor watched the archery competition between the emperors son and hisgrandson. There is a plaque on the top of the door, which is written with fourgold-plated characters of "summer villa". It is the imperial pen of EmperorKangxi. This plaque is extremely beautiful and eye-catching. Perhaps you havefound that the word "avoid" in this summer resort is written one morehorizontal. Is it Emperor Kangxis mistake, or is there another reason )Thisgentleman (young lady) is right. It turns out that in the Qing Dynasty, when thetwo characters "Bi" were used at the same time, either way of writing wascorrect. This is a variant character phenomenon. Here Emperor Kangxi wrote itfor the sake of pursuing the beauty of calligraphy.

The two bronze lions on both sides of the gate are majestic. Speaking ofthese two bronze lions, there is a touching legend! It is said that during theAnti Japanese War, the Japanese invaders occupied Chengde and plundered it. Oneday, a group of Japanese soldiers found that the two bronze lions were beautifuland priceless. They wanted to take them away, but they were too heavy to carrythem. So they went to find tools separately. All this makes the old people inthe nursing home look in the eyes and feel pain in the heart. He thought thatthe bronze lion was the treasure of the country, and it must not be taken awayby the Japanese soldiers. He had an idea. He immediately got pig blood from thevillage and smeared it on the lions eyes. When the Japanese soldiers found thetools and came back, they found that the lions eyes were red, and they allcried blood. They were all stunned. They were afraid that moving the lion wouldbring them bad luck, so they ran away in a panic. This pair of nationaltreasures has been preserved until now. Now the pair of bronze lions have becomemascots in peoples minds. If you want everything to go well, dont forget totouch it.

承德导游词英语作文3

Dear friends

Hello! Today we visit Pule temple. Pule temple, commonly known asyuantingzi, is another royal temple built by Emperor Qianlong after PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. It covers an area of 24000 square meters with the eastfacing the West and the central axis facing the summer resort. The first half ofthe architecture of Pule temple is the traditional "Jialan Qitang" style of theHan temple, and the second half is the Tibetan form. The main building of thetemple, Xuguang Pavilion, imitates the praying Hall of the temple of heaven inBeijing. The layout of the building is different from that of ordinary temples,which breaks the pattern of traditional temples facing south. In the East, it isadjacent to the chime hammer peak, and in the west, it is opposite to the summerresort. It echoes with the Puren temple, Anyuan temple, Puning Temple, XumiFushou temple, Putuo Zongcheng temple, etc. in the eight outer temples, forminga pattern of stars holding the moon and bowing to the summer resort.

(in front of the Mountain Gate of Pule Temple)

Now we come to the gate of Pule temple. There is a pair of stone lions infront of the door. You see how well preserved they are. In the middle of themountain gate, there is a stone plaque inscribed with "Pule Temple" written byEmperor Qianlong in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan Languages.

(entering the Mountain Gate)

The first thing you can see when you enter the mountain gate is the belland drum towers on both sides of the north and the south. Its function is thesame as the bell and drum towers of Puning Temple. I will not repeat ithere.

You see, there is a five room hall with a single eaves on the top of theplatform. Under the central eaves is a Yunlong plaque written by EmperorQianlong. In the center of the hall is Maitreya Buddha with a big belly. He hasa fat head and a big cheek. He is happy with his eyebrows and smiles. It seemsthat he is welcoming us. On both sides of the cloth bag monk are clay statues ofthe four heavenly kings.

The four heavenly kings, 8.38 meters high, are in sitting position. Thoughthey have been living for 200 years, they are still resplendent and magnificent,ranking second to none in the country. Behind Maitreya Buddha stands WeituoBuddha. Weituo is the Dharma protector of the Buddha and one of the EightGenerals of the southern growth heavenly king, ranking first among the 32generals (each of the four heavenly kings has eight generals). It is said thatwhen Sakyamuni Buddha came to Nirvana, the evil spirits took away the remains ofthe Buddha, and Weituo chased them in time and tried hard to recapture them.Therefore, Buddhism regards him as the God to expel evil spirits and protectBuddhism. Since the Song Dynasty, Chinese temples have worshipped Weituo, knownas Weituo Bodhisattva. They often stand behind the Maitreya Buddha statue andface the main hall to protect the Dharma and help monks.

(in front of Zongyin Hall)

When we enter the second courtyard from the Tianwang hall, we are presentedwith a hall with seven wide faces and five deep faces, with double eaves andglass tile roofs on Xieshan mountain. This is the main building of the temple"Zongyin hall". Zongyin means that Buddhism is the unchanging truth. In thecenter of the main ridge of Zongyin hall, there is a yellow glazed tile Lamatower, about two meters high. The base of the tower is xumizuo. The tower iscomposed of Chenglu pan, Xianglun, sun and moon. On both sides of the pagoda areinlaid with eight ornaments for Buddhas offering: wheel (Dharma wheel), snail(Buddhas sound is widely spread), umbrella (protecting all Dharma), cover(Buddhas power), lotus (not contaminated by worldly customs), vase (virtue isperfect), Pisces (freedom and liberation), pan Chang (Buddhist doctrine runsthrough all the time). In the center of the hall, there are three Buddhas: thepharmacist Buddha in the Oriental glass world, the Sakyamuni Buddha in theChinese dancing world, and the Amitabha Buddha in the Western Paradise. Thereare eight wood carved Bodhisattvas on the stone Xumi seats on both sides of thethree Buddhas: Manjusri, Vajrayana, Avalokitesvara and King Tibetans in theSouth; Puxian, Maitreya, void Tibetans and removing dirt and obstacles in thenorth. They are called eight Bodhisattvas. The eight Bodhisattvas are of thesame size. They are all carved in wood and painted in gold.

There are five auxiliary halls on each side of Zongyin hall. The Nanpeihall is called "Huili hall". In the hall, there are statues of Buddha, Vajrawith horse head, Vajra with subduing part and Vajra with anger. They are pink,blue, red, three heads and six arms, with human skin on the back and tiger skinskirt around the waist. The backlight behind is a five color flame, which issaid to represent five kinds of "wisdom". The north side hall is "Shengyinhall". Inside the hall is dedicated to the inner achievement of Vajra hand, theouter achievement of Vajra hand and the secret achievement of Vajra hand. It issaid that these three Buddhas are the images of Sakyamuni when he preached thesecret Dharma, and are the secret incarnations of Sakyamuni. So its also called"secret master".

(Shangcheng)

Dear friends, we now come to the "city" in the eastern half of Pule temple.The city is actually a Datura entity. Mandala is a transliteration of Sanskrit,translated as "Tan" or "Daochang". This is the place where the lamas practice,observe and teach the secret law. In order to prevent the invasion of "demons",the tantric sect of Lamaism drew a circle or built a high altar on the practicesite, on which the Buddha, Bodhisattva or scroll were placed. Only in this waycan we get the protection of Buddha and Bodhisattva and not be disturbed by the"demons".

The city is divided into three layers: the outer layer is a group of squarehouses. There are doors on all sides. Facing the west is the main gate, which isthree rooms wide and one room deep, with a single eaves resting on the top ofthe mountain. There is a Qianlong stele built in the gate hall. It is inscribedwith Qianlongs stele of Pule Temple written in Manchu, Han, Mongolian andTibetan Languages. The construction of Pule temple is not like that of PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. In view of specific historical events, EmperorQianlong felt that there was still a large space to be used from Puning Templeand Anyuan temple to the area of qinghammer peak. In order to make the overallrational layout of the temples around the summer resort, he built this temple."Pule" is derived from Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" in which "the worries ofthe world come first and then the happiness of the world come later". On bothsides of the original square courtyard, it has 72 single-layer Gallery room, nolonger exist.

The second floor is a square stone platform with battlements on the brickwall. A stone arch is built in the center of the platform, and there is acorridor between the arch and the gate hall. In the middle of the West arch,there is a stone plaque of "shewei Xianxiang" written by Emperor Qianlong, whichmeans that it is the same as shewei state, showing auspicious scenery. There arestone pedals on both sides of the arch leading to the bottom of the platform.The arches on the north and south sides are closed, with Buddhist painting axeshanging inside. There is a small hall at the exit of the pedal road from thepedal road to the top of the second floor platform. There are eight Lama pagodaswith the same shape and different colors in the middle of the four corners andfour sides of the top. The pagoda is divided into five colors: yellow, black,purple, green and white. These five colors represent the "five elements" ofland, water, fire, wind and air in Lamaism. The five color pagoda symbolizes thefive color land (the land of Chinas Kyushu is five colors), which means thatunder the heaven, is it the kings land. The eight pagodas are divided intoeight directions and serve as the merit towers of Sakyamunis "eight greatachievements" (Buddha, becoming Tao, turning the wheel of Dharma, manifestingsupernatural powers, benefiting the world, transforming monks, thinkingimmeasurably and entering Nirvana). It symbolizes the long-term and stable ruleof the Qing Dynasty.

The square stone platform on the third floor is surrounded by stonerailings. In the center of the platform is the main building "Xuguang Pavilion"in the second half of the temple. It means facing the rising sun in the East.This is a round pavilion with double eaves, yellow glazed tiles and a pointedroof. Its shape is the same as that of the praying Hall of the temple of heavenin Beijing. 12 eaves columns and 12 gold columns support the double eaves domein two layers. The square platform and the round roof show the ancient Chinesecosmology with a round sky and a round place. The building on the round stoneXumi seat in the center of the hall is called "Mandala", which is athree-dimensional "Mandala" model in China.

The nine palace grid on its base is made of 37 pieces of wood, representing37 kinds of knowledge of Sakyamuni. In the middle of the mandala, there is adouble bronze statue of the king Buddha of shangle. Shangle King Buddha, alsoknown as Shengle King Buddha, is also called "Huanxi Buddha". It is also named"Deqiao" and is one of the original Buddhas of Tantric practice of Lamaism.Tantric school advocates practicing secret law, that is, practicing through "thedoor of convenience" (yoga) to become a Buddha. King Buddha of shangle is theincarnation of King Buddha holding wheel, representing wisdom. Mother Buddha(female image) represents meditation. Only with "both wisdom and tranquility"and "both meditation and meditation" can one become a Buddha. The combination oftwo bodies is like the wings of a bird and the wheels of a car. Only in this waycan one become a Buddha, which is another form of cultivation in TantricBuddhism.

The top of Xuguang Pavilion is decorated with exquisite dragon troupe andPearl caisson. The carving is exquisite and glittering, which has high artisticvalue. come

(in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

Dear friends, now we are in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism. Thisis the gate hall on the north side of the city. Originally, there were 21 groupsof rooms beside the square gate hall. Now only the gate hall is left. Except forthe west gate hall, the other nine gate halls have been turned into exhibitionrooms.

Esoteric Buddhism, also known as esoteric Buddhism, originated in the latestage of the development of Mahayana Buddhism in ancient India, and has obviouscharacteristics compared with Xianzong. 800 years after Sakyamunis death,Buddhism was divided into Buddhism and Buddhism. Academia believes that EsotericBuddhism is the product of the combination of Mahayana and Brahmanism after the7th century. It was introduced by Indian master rinwatson in the early 8thcentury. He fought many times with Bon witches in secret law. Every time hedefeated some Bon witches, he declared that some stupid God had been subdued andnamed him the protector of Buddhism. The tantric Buddha statue of TibetanBuddhism is unique, which is not only the precious wealth of religious art, butalso the treasure of human body statue art in the world. Lets have a lookhere

Apart from the modern clay statues, they are all originally preserved inthe temple, which is hard to see in other temples.

What are the differences between Tantric Buddhism and Buddhism? There arethe following points: first, Tantric Buddhism takes Sakyamuni as its leader andattaches great importance to theory, while Tantric Buddhism praises theTathagata and pays attention to matters; second, Tantric Buddhism advocatespreaching Buddhism, meditation, enlightenment and self-cultivation, whileTantric Buddhism attaches great importance to inheritance, truth and mantra inorder to become Buddha; 3、 Xianzongs Classics mainly include scriptures, laws,precepts, and theories. In addition to tantric, there are eulogy, praise,Dharma, mantra, rituals, yoga, and seal of contract. Fourth, Xianzong has fourkinds of prestige: walking, living, sitting, and lying. In addition to tantric,it also needs to contemplate, follow the teachers instruction, abide by ritualsand practice procedures.

Tantric cultivation can be divided into four steps: Shimi, xingmi, yoga MIand supreme yoga MI. Master zongkaba, the founder of the Yellow religion,stipulated that the order of practice should be first obvious and then secret.Only the living Buddha who has obtained the degree of gexi in Tibetan educationis qualified to practice Esoteric Buddhism, which is passed on by master Vajraand practiced in the upper and lower esoteric schools. The practice of TantricBuddhism is accompanied by the imperial concubine Ming. Therefore, most of thetantric statues are double figures of men and women, which are called "joyfulBuddha" or "joyful heaven". Each of these statues has a Buddhist story orlegend, so they are three-dimensional fables of Buddhism. Because the joyfulBuddhas are all naked, they are men and women, so some people mistakenly thinkthat "joyful" refers to the sexual pleasure of men and women. In fact, these twowords mean fearless, angry spirit, transcending life and death, and gainingjoy.

(in the second exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

One of the most influential Buddhist statues of Tantric Buddhism is thebronze "King Kong of great power, virtue and terror" in the second exhibitionroom. He was a man and a woman, with nine sides, thirty-four hands and sixteenfeet. The nine faces represent the nine Sutras of Mahayana, the two hornssymbolize the two truths, the thirty-four hands with body, the thirty-sevenmeaning, the thirty-seven Bodhi Dharma, the sixteen feet symbolize the sixteenemptiness, and the combination of men and women symbolizes the great happiness.On the left and right, eight feet step on eight things and eight birds,symbolizing "80% of the Department" and "eight freedom". Nudity and nirvanasymbolize "no dust". Anger and uprightness symbolize "wonderful way". As for thejoyful Buddha image, there are such legends in sibunayega Dharma and JapaneseTantra of dongmi: the woman is the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva. With herbeauty, she subdued the king who believed in Brahmanism and made him theprotector of Buddhism. This kind of saying is completely out of the secularattachment psychology. It is a difficult realm for ordinary people to reach todeeply study the essence of Tantric cultivation. It is to break the ignorance,cultivate the good root and obtain the right consciousness. There is amysterious veil about the true meaning of Tibetan secrets. No wonder we cantunderstand it. However, the artistic charm of these superb human figures isamazing to every tourist.

Also on display in the exhibition room are the prison master King Kong,riding sheep to protect the Dharma, joyful King Kong, auspicious HeavenlyMother, shangle King Buddha and so on. Please enjoy it freely.

Although Pule temple is a Lamaist temple, there is no Lama in it, but it isguarded by eight banners. This is the place where the Kazakh, Uighur, Kirgiz andother ethnic upper class people who come to the summer resort to worship theQing emperor pay homage and live.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour guides explanation of Puletemple. Short time together, eternal memory, in your heart, my heart left a goodmemory. I remember a song like this: "when we surpass our dreams, we need toface them sincerely, let our life savor this moment, and let the years rememberthis time.".

Dear friends, goodbye!

州飞天山位于郴州市苏仙区桥口镇境内，距郴州市城区约20公里，交通极为便捷。东江、郴江在这里交汇，千山万壑，云蒸霞蔚，翠竹葱茏，凉风习习，天低云淡，渔船点点，尤如梦中仙境，画里天堂!

风景区由九寨，四垣、三庙、二江、一村站组成。红山绿水、秀峰险寨、奇石怪洞构成的自然景观和村宅街巷、石佛庙宇、陵墓悬棺等历史奇观，以及度假山庄、蒙古风情、水上乐园等人文景观，使之成为独具魅力的旅游胜地。被誉为“郴州明珠湘南桂林”。

天山风景区属丹霞地貌，有被中国丹霞地貌研究会会长黄进赞为“中国之最，世界奇观”的黑垣。风景区内，奇峰异石，青山秀水，湖光山色，壮美迷人。沿江周围，石山林立，玉峰相接，连绵数十公里。更有千年悬棺，旷世之谜;临江佛雕，飞天壁画;天然卧佛，悠悠古迹;丹霞溶洞，神秘窝居;明清古墓，狮子吊陵;高山草原，圣母玉立……真是福地洞天，风观无限!风景区集自然、历史、人物奇观为一体，纳奇、险、秀、美于一身，令人流连忘返陶醉于山水之间，乐不思归!

凡来桂林旅游的游客，单是对如诗如画的漓江山水就足够尽兴而返了，对于桂林的山山水水就仅仅如此吗?当然不止于此，对距桂林只57公里的兴安灵渠来说是不公平的，游客们往往与它擦肩而过，失之交臂。对于桂林人来说，兴安这座位于广西湖南交界的小城，最引人注意的是他的一条千古水渠——灵渠。

灵渠不是一般通水灌田的沟渠，它是一条古代战争的生命线，它是一条和平时期的经济带。灵渠是世界上最早的运河，它连接着湘江和漓江，沟通了长江和珠江两大水系。两千两百多年前，秦始皇统一中国后，为了扩大疆域而调动军队向南方进攻。

由于长江流域与珠江流域之间，横亘着巍峨的五岭山脉，陆路崎险，水路不通。为保证军队粮草物资的运输，秦始皇下令开凿灵渠。公元前220xx年，秦始皇命史禄负责建渠。通过精确测量，史禄在桂北的兴安费时3年开凿了灵渠，奇迹般地把湘江和漓江沟通连接起来。

渠成当年，兵员和补给源源不断地通过灵渠运往前线，秦军因此才长驱直入，势如破竹，岭南地区也正式并入了秦朝的版图。这条为秦军平定岭南的水渠，此后成为了古代湖广连接岭南的重要水上枢纽，为促进中原和岭南的经济文化交流起到了巨大作用。

如今，尽管灵渠作为水上通道的功能已逐渐减弱，但其依旧发挥着农田灌溉、排洪泄洪等的作用。

“莫道红楼乃一梦,淀山建有大观园”。

大观园占地面积1300多亩，已建成的“大观楼”，“潇湘馆”、“怡红院”“稻香村”等，或华丽、或朴拙、或清幽、或淡雅，处处体现了曹雪芹在《红楼梦》中所描绘的风韵和意境。

“……走不多远，则见崇阁巍峨，层楼高起，四面琳宫合抱，迢迢复道萦行。青松指檐，玉兰绕砌;金辉兽面。彩焕螭头”。眼前的大观楼，恰是如此，这里是元妃省亲时族人朝觐之所，正殿主楼的东西两 面，有含芳阁和缀锦阁，三座建筑以游廊相连，并与前庭的两庑相接。

旁边，则是戏台，是元妃游幸时观戏的地方。整个建筑群飞光流 彩，金碧辉煌。一派帝王邸宅的气势。大观楼东南，便是林黛玉居住的“潇湘馆”，从月洞门入，沿曲折游廊，经六角亭，便可看见黛玉所挂的鹦鹉架，跨过溪水上的水桥，可来到“有风来仪”主厅。而薛宝钗的“蘅芜院”，另是一番情致，院内不相干一株花儿，迎面太湖石玲珑好听娇，鱼儿在池中安逸地喷水。真可谓“蘅芜满净苑，萝藤助芬芳”了。

大观园内的“怡红院”一组建筑。跨进镌有“怡红快绿”匾额的院门，只见深宅重院，富贵典雅。绎芸轩前，植着芭蕉和海棠。西屋为袭人、晴雯等丫头的住所，东屋则是贾宝玉的卧房，花嵌砖绿，雕床描金，堂皇中又有点脂粉气。中间过厅，东西两屋，以碧妙橱和博古架相隔。今天，这里不仅发秀美旖旎的景色令人陶醉，还将以鲜美的鱼虾蔬果奉献给游人。在淀山湖风景区东面的关王庙，已开辟了一个游泳场。岸边芦苇摇动，远处水天一色，不等下水已令人到浑身舒畅。

飞来石走过万山千水，飞来石无处不有，老君山不同它处，看，它架在古树杈上，谁也不知它来自何方?传说每年的三月三王母娘娘都要开一次蟠桃会。有一年盛会结束，各路神仙在向王母娘娘祝寿的时候，有一只调皮的猴子跑到供桌旁偷了一个桃子抱着就跑。不幸的是却被王母娘娘身边的一个仙女发现了，她就顺手拣了一块石头向猴子打过去，而这块石头就正好落在了老君山，构成了老君山小巧玲珑的飞来石一景。

连心石八百里伏牛山百草为药，古时候山下的村民们大多是以采药为生。传说山下村里有一对夫妇为人心地善良，经常施药救人。有一次夫妇俩人带着小孩一起上山采药，突然天降暴雨，山洪就爆发，洪水冲走了孩子。父母为了搭救自己的孩子，被卷进泥石流，结果全家都被洪水夺去了生命。村人得知噩耗之后，就到处寻找他们的遗体，寻找多日毫无结果。后来人们就在这里发现了这三块非常人性化的石头，老君爷托梦因为他们平时行善积德，已经把他们度化成仙了。再后来为了纪念他们一家三口就把它命名为“连心石”，有诗为

在阿拉善高原 上有一座形状奇特的山脉，山上黑石嶙峋，岩脉 蜿蜒，周围巨大的岩石皆成圆形，酷似陨石分布，一条崎岖小路不见尽头，这便是曼德拉山。蒙语曼德拉是汉语“升起来”的意思。专家考证，早在新石器仰韶文化 时期，阿拉善 大地上便有了人类活动的足迹。

曼德拉山位于内蒙古阿拉善盟 阿拉善右旗孟根苏木境内，距离苏木所在地西南14公里。曼德拉系蒙古语，意为升起、兴旺、腾飞，在这里具有山势高峻之意。曼德拉最著名的是岩画。东西3公里、南北6公里的山地上，发现了4234幅岩画。这些岩画以其历史久远、雕刻精湛、图案逼真、古朴粗犷的特点被誉为“美术世界 的活化石”，亚洲第一，世界第二。

这些岩画是远古时期游牧民族生活、精神的写照。岩画6000多幅，面积约18平方公里，属羌、月氏 、匈奴、鲜卑、回纥、党项、蒙古等北方少数民族制作。岩画的造型技法有凿刻、磨刻和线刻。画面内容为狩猎、放牧、战斗、神佛、日月星辰、寺庙建筑 、舞蹈、竞技以及游乐等。岩画形象生动地记录了远古及近代阿拉善地区的经济文化，社会生活的形态、自然环境风貌。其题材之广泛、内容之丰富、堪称我国西北古代艺术的画廊。

曼德拉山岩画是内蒙古自治区重点文物保护单位，位于阿拉善右旗孟根布拉格苏木 西南14公里境内的曼德拉山中，距旗府所在地210公里。在阿拉善高原上有一座黑石嶙峋、岩石遍布的曼德拉山，在山中18平方公里内，分布有4000多幅数千年前的古代岩画。这些岩画是远古时期游牧民族生活、精神的写照，由羌、月氏、匈奴、鲜卑、回纥、党项、蒙古等北方少数民族制作。

岩画的造型技法有凿刻、磨刻和线刻，画面内容为狩猎、放牧、战斗、神佛、日月星辰、寺庙建筑、舞蹈、竞技以及游乐等。岩画形象曼德拉山岩画生动地记录了远古及近代阿拉善地区的经济文化，社会生活的形态、自然环境风貌。其题材之广泛、内容之丰富、堪称中国西北古代艺术的画廊，是世界最古老的艺术珍品之一。中国著名岩画研究专家盖山林曾赞赏曼德拉山岩画为“美术世界的活化石”。

曼德拉山岩画经历了千百年风霜的洗礼保存至今，为了解远古时期游牧民族的生活提供了依据，可古人雕琢岩画的时间还一直不能确定。有关专家认为岩画的创作时间为远古到明清的各个历史期，跨度约有6020xx年左右。

不过受利益的驱动，这里的岩画已被盗毁近半。

2.鄂尔多斯导游词(2)